Business And Government Agencies :: essays research papers

Business and Government Agencies     The primary focus of my topic is three fold, first if a high rankingofficial from a firm were to create the Director of an agency and his formercompany is asking for approval of a drug, how should the Director act in regardto this rulemaking? The second question is not a difficult, if a former Directorwere to assume a position at a firm asking for approval of a drug, how shouldthe former directors position entrance the decisions of the agency? Finally howcould government regulation limit the potential conflicts of interest from the"Revolving Door"?     The first scenario answer is both ethics and law based. It would be wrong for the Director to have any trance what so ever in thiscircumstance. Realistically the Director would have probably at least aninfluence to the score that those who work for him would at least try and guesshis desire for the outcome, at worst he would directly or indirectly tell them.Probably at this point no procedural rules have been breached. This is of courseonly if the director has not tried to influence the Administrative Law Judge inwhich part many legal issues could be raised, more on that in question three.Back to the ethics involved, it would be very important if the Director were totry and be ethical about the issue he/she should give the appearance of ethicalprocedure. One way this could be done is that a recommendation could be makerulemaking be in a formal format. In addition she/he should be very careful tolimit ex parte contacts between himself and his former fear associates.Under no circumstance should the Director have conversation of any natureinvolving this case. Under the circumstance that the drug was or was notapproved, the case could go before Judicial review, there any appearance ofunethical behavior could not only be be evidence to support a plaintiffs claims,and til now case a de novo review, but even worst it could be fo od for the mediaand a public scandal.     The second question if the director were to leave and become a superiorfor a firm. I dont see this as a big threat, the new director would have hisnew alliances. It would seem like any influence that the former director wouldhave would have to be kept to a minimum in order to preserve the rulemakingunder the circumstance that the findings were on the firms behalf. As a companyrepresentative he should not personally make ex parte contacts with the agency

Importance of Bridging the Digital Divide Essay -- Technology Society

Children today are not born with an umbilical cord, but a figurer cord. Kids arent the way they use to be. How many times have you caught yourself thinking or saying this? Theories today believe that children form these generations are actually different, centre their brains are different from when we were children. What can we do about it, or should we do anything at all? This paper will examine children today and the difference amidst the generations. Secondly, due to the difference in generations, the importance of maintaining social interaction, critical thinking and problem solving skills, which, are just as important as technical foul fluencies for the 21st century. In order to maintain the humanity skills, I will discuss the importance of Daily Physical Activity (DPA). Furthermore, the paper will too examine the importance of building a bridge between the digital divide. It is necessary to examine the educational system and the digital divide. Children are engulfed in a digital world and have different experiences and environment. How do we build a bridge between the technical fluencies and the humanity skills necessary to be successful in the 21st century?Digital Residents are they really different?Mark Prensky (2001) has coined the phrase Digital Natives versus Digital Immigrants. To put it simply, Digital Natives (DN) have always had the new-sprung(prenominal) technology (cell phones, video games, digital music, computers) while Digital Immigrants (DI) have come into these things later on in life and have had to learn it above and beyond the old ways they had of doing things. Is there a difference? Children today are born into a digital world and use technology from a little age. The Digital Natives/Learner finds technol... ...talKids.pdfMinistry of Education, Education. (2005). Daily physical activity (ISBN 0-7794-8884-9). Ontario Queens Printer of Ontario. Pink, D. (2010). Drive the surprising truth about what motivates us. Proceedin gs of the RSA animation, www.youtube.comPrensky, M. (2008). The role of technology. educational Technology, Nov-Dec.Prensky, M. (2008). Turing on the lights. Educational Leadership, 65(6)Prensky, Marc. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants, part ii. On the Horizon, 9(6),Prensky, Marc. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5),Robinson, K.(2010). Changing education paradigm, Web. Retrieved from http//sirkenrobinson.com/skr/watchSmall, G, & Vorgan, g. (2008). ibrain surviving the technological alteration of the modern mind. in the buff York Collins Living.

The Lottery Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Message Sent in The LotteryThe shock value of Shirley capital of Mississippis The Lottery is not only widely known, plainly also widely felt. Her writing style effectively allows the reader to pass a judgment on themselves and the society in which they live. In The Lottery Jackson is making a comparison to human nature. It is prominent in all human civilizations to take a chance as a source of fun and as this chance is taken, something is both won and lost.As long as human civilization has existed, so has the idea of death or suffering, or taking a chance of death or suffering, as a form of entertainment. This can be traced back as far the day of the Roman gladiator, when an guinea pig was staged in a coliseum where people watched someone lose their life as a form of entertainment. Also, executions, once public, provide entertainment as they cause an inescapable excitement as an escape from the normal routine of daily life. This form of entertainment is displayed in The Lott ery as the character Tessie Hutchinson is hopped-up in public because she won the towns annual lottery and as the character Old Man Warner claims in the story, Theres always been a lottery (Jackson 275). People also take a chance of harming themselves for entertainment in event of drug usage or extreme sports. The town harm themselves in The Lottery by harming another person. However, this form of entertainment can also take another...

The Contributions of Frederick Douglas, William Apess, Sarah Margaret F

The Contributions of Frederick Douglas, William Apess, Sarah Marg atomic number 18t Fuller, and Sojourner Truth As has been noted before, when we look at the authors of The firmness of purpose of Independence, we are quite aware that the document was written in the interest of the people who were there. The wealthy, white, landowners make up the Constitution to fit their needs and exclude everyone else. The people most(prenominal) notably left without rights are African Americans, Native Americans and Women. These minority groups formed a bond with each other because they were outside the dominant group. These groups of people helped slay their strength and voice through speeches and conventions with each one using the very words of the Constitution as their platform. During this time powerful voices spoke out alike Frederick Douglas, William Apess, Margaret Fuller, and Sojourner Truth, who didnt have the advantage of a formal education, but still found a way to become educated or taught themselves. A brilliant speaker, Abolionist, womens rights advocate,journalist and composition editor, social reformers and race leader, Frederick Douglas was unquestionably one of the most prominent black leaders of the nineteenth century and one of the most eloquent orators in American public life(1751). Frederick Douglas was basically self-taught and his voice became so polished that he was in fear of losing the audience of his own race to the cause of freeing slaves because he sounded too white. Douglas was asked to speak at a Fourth of July celebration and in his speech What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? He expresses that it is Your National Independence, and of your political liberty(1819). He reaches out to his audience by showin... ...ither has been answered fully(2022). This is the backbone of most of the representative material. It is based on spiritual and Christian thought and that people are created and given their rights by God. Since most of thes e authors werent taught in the classical sense the Bible was a useful and sometimes life altering tool. Hopefully, we will learn more about these representational authors so that as a collective group of Americans we can fully understand their impact on the growth and development of our country. whole caboodle Cited The Heath Anthology of American Literature Copyright 1998 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Issues in Feminism Copyright 1998,1995,1990 by Mayfield Publishing Company Owl-eyes Biography and Etexts http//owleyes.org/douglas.htm Bright Moments http//brightmoments.com/blackhistory/nsotruehtml

Plutarchs Aims and Achievements as a Biographer Essay -- English Lite

A critical study of a significant aspect or aspects of Plutarchs calculates and bring home the baconments as a biographer -To what extent does Plutarchachieve his aims for the lives of Marius and Caesar?We are able to establish Plutarchs aims in creating his biographiesby looking at his background and influences. Plutarch was born inGreece to a wealthy established family. He was salubrious educated, studyingrhetoric in Athens, and then travelled to Rome where he establishedconnections with some important political figures. Despite being anoutsider (a Greek), Plutarch certain Roman aristocratic tradition aswell as the moralising of some key Roman figures. This is reflected inthe Lives which in effect provide moral guidelines, prescribing how matchless should live a virtuous life. He viewed himself as an artist ormoraliser rather than a historian, believing, It is not so muchhistory that we are authorship but lives.1Plutarch was deeply into the platonic approach to ethics, andthere fore was also influenced by Socrates. Plato was a pupil ofSocrates who claimed that the most important thing in life was to cheathow one should live an emphasis on moral conduct was therefore passeddown to Plutarch. He is fascinated not only by great plant and battlesbut, often a little matter, like a saying or a joke,2 which can bemore revealing in terms of timber and virtue. Platos philosophywas about the search for absolute standards of truth and moralcertainty and almost all of his works are about ethics, or moralphilosophy.His aim was therefore to create a, revelation of virtue or vice,3intending to shape the life of each man4 in terms of moral notfinancial or political stature, and hopes the reader gains... ...against him but achievedless (although still a few) of his aims in the Life of Caesar.---------------------------------------------------------------------1 Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, Alexander, 1.1-3, Penguin2 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3,3 Plutarch, Alexan der, 1.1-3,4 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3,5 Russell, p1056 Russell, Plutarch quote, p807 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-38 Plutarch, Marius 39 Plutarch, Marius 710 Plutarch, Marius 911 Plutarch, Marius 2,512 Plutarch, Marius 1013 Plutarch, Marius 4514 Plutarch, Marius 4615 Plutarch, Marius 716 Plutarch, Marius notes by Robin Seager17 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-318 Plutarch, Marius 619 Plutarch, Marius 4620 Plutarch, Caesar 121 Cicero22 Plutarch, Caesar 69

Plutarchs Aims and Achievements as a Biographer Essay -- English Lite

A critical study of a significant sight or aspects of Plutarchsaims and achievements as a biographer -To what extent does Plutarchachieve his aims for the lives of Marius and Caesar?We are able to establish Plutarchs aims in creating his biographiesby looking at his background and influences. Plutarch was born inGreece to a wealthy established family. He was well educated, studyingrhetoric in Athens, and then travelled to Rome where he establishedconnections with some historic political figures. Despite being anoutsider (a Greek), Plutarch accepted Roman aristocratic tradition aswell as the moralising of some key Roman figures. This is reflected inthe Lives which in effect provide moral guidelines, prescribing howone should live a virtuous life. He viewed himself as an artist ormoraliser rather than a historian, believing, It is non so muchhistory that we are writing but lives.1Plutarch was deeply into the platonic approach to ethics, andtherefore was also influenced by Socrates. Plato was a pupil ofSocrates who claimed that the more or less important thing in life was to knowhow one should live an emphasis on moral conduct was therefore passeddown to Plutarch. He is hypnotised not only by great deeds and battlesbut, often a little matter, like a saying or a joke,2 which can bemore revealing in terms of character and virtue. Platos philosophywas about the search for absolute standards of truth and moralcertainty and almost all of his kit and caboodle are about ethics, or moralphilosophy.His aim was therefore to create a, revelation of virtue or vice,3intending to shape the life of each man4 in terms of moral notfinancial or political stature, and hopes the reader gains... ...against him but achievedless (although still a few) of his aims in the Life of Caesar.---------------------------------------------------------------------1 Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, Alexander, 1.1-3, Penguin2 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3,3 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3,4 Plut arch, Alexander, 1.1-3,5 Russell, p1056 Russell, Plutarch quote, p807 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-38 Plutarch, Marius 39 Plutarch, Marius 710 Plutarch, Marius 911 Plutarch, Marius 2,512 Plutarch, Marius 1013 Plutarch, Marius 4514 Plutarch, Marius 4615 Plutarch, Marius 716 Plutarch, Marius notes by Robin Seager17 Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-318 Plutarch, Marius 619 Plutarch, Marius 4620 Plutarch, Caesar 121 Cicero22 Plutarch, Caesar 69

Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Essay

Ai) Create a guide for the new social care worker or so how to reflect on their radiation diagram. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each.As part of our job role it is important to carry out m victimisation practice especially because we work with vulnerable adults and our effectiveness will make an impact on them and their care. Reflective practice means thinking about and evaluating what you do and discussing whatever changes which could be made. This means focusing on how we interact with colleagues, service users and the environment. It means thinking about how we could have done something differently, what we did well, what we could have done break away. How we eject change what you have done. It also means reflecting our own values, beliefs and experiences which shape our thoughts and ideas. This will allow us to obtain a clearer picture of your own behaviour and a better understanding of our strengths and weaknesses- so that we can learn from our own mistakes and take appropriate future actions.Standards help social care workers so they work in the alike level as other social care workers. It helps standardised the service they are giving. By having a standard, they can always reflect with it and achieve the resembling standardised level. You should know the standards to understand what is expected of you as a health and social care worker, and then you should reflect to ensure you are meeting these standards. These would be the CQC and your code of practice which are found in the managers office. All codes of practice should be adhered to at all times.see moreexplain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of serviceAii) You arrange a mentor meeting to feed back to the social care worker. You have comments to make which include both praise and constructive criticism.It is important for a social care worker to seek feedback on their performance so they can improve on ways of wor king that they may need to, helping them work in the best possible way. If you do not agree with feedback regarding your performance, spill to a senior member of staff for advice. People may react differently to constructive feedback. Some may not agree and see the feedback as negative, where it is meant to help them improve their practice. Others accept feedback positively and work to improve their practice listening to and taking in advice. Some people may take the feedback only when not work to improve on anything so stay at the same level. It is important for social care workers to use their feedback to improve their practice, not on the dot in their jobs but in life. Feedback provides a framework with which to be a reflective practitioner, this means recognising both the good and bad in their practice and using that knowledge to make it better in the future. Without that you remain stagnant, there is always room for improvement.

Office Visit Essay

DHL is known for its temper and service throughout the world. Major online vendors standardized Amazon. com and Barnes & Nobles as well as several(prenominal) other industries employ DHL speed offer service to deliver their items and couriers to their clients. It has been an immense pleasure to visit one of their branch top executives and the layout of their work as well as their office has certainly been impressive.As era becomes more and more precious in the world of today, lot argon willing to invest into time-saving services. DHL has undoubtedly been one of them. Several industries involved in merchandise and sales on a globular basis employ their services due to the reputation it holds in the industry. From receiving express packages and couriers to sending express packages and couriers, DHL has been well-known for its reputation in the express trip and courier facility and its reliability for quality service.Though its major task has most comm barely been linked with t he express mail task, the DHL industry spreads itself into various other industrial sectors as well such as audio visual and telecommunications, electronics telecom, opening computer systems, fashion and fashion solutions, global automotive solutions, pharma/healthcare and semiconductors. DHL presents an amazing work history. Founded by Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillbolm and Robert Lynn from their last names (DHL), DHL was established in the year 1969 via first express route that started from San Francisco to Honolulu, the victory of DHL didnt just stop there.Serving as a foundation for innovative ideas, DHL was the first in its industry to provide documentation prior to the reach of the cargoes that rushed the route of importing of goods. Due to its reliable express service, it began to gain its recognition in the industry and this also initiated to expand its routes from Hawaii and Far easternmost to as far as the Middle East. By 1988, DHL could be found in more than 170 countries and employing more than 16,000 employees in its firm. DHL offers a lucrative rush for those involved in the sales and marketing field. The career options are m either, including part-time as well as freelance.While the current estimate of the number of mass hired is difficult as of 2005 statistics, DHL had employed more than 110,000 employees in more than 200 countries (DHL, 2007). In the current office visit, there were around 50 employees assisting in the tasks involved in delivery and client service, the head of whom. It mainly dealt with dealing calls from customers and answering several queries with respect to the orders placed by their familiarity. The office layout is impressive. Designed into several cubicles, this structure ensured proper space for each employee to work in giving them their privacy (Martin, 2001).However, there are a few disadvantages linked with such lovely of architecture. Id prefer the DHL team to work without walls. The recent article on office cubi cles and the joy of employees related to the demise of the cubicles is a proof complete to show that though cubicles grants privacy, it is not the best structure for offices to work effectively (Lotozo, 2006) In cubicles, we have walls separating one employee from another thereby giving privacy moreover in todays management, the best way to work is to work in teams.This requires the employees to work together and of course, without the presence of walls. As Marilyn S. Burroughs in her article entitled, turn spaces that work designing high performance offices states, The future will see more teams that function as amoebae expanding and contracting, blurring both the center and the boundaries. Teams will be disposable, sometimes lasting only several hours theyll be wholly elastic, coming in all sizes, and people will slip in and out of them instantly.And office designs will accommodate these ever changing teams Flexibility, spontaneity, and the need to be fluid applies to the phys ical environment as well as to work processes The growth of teams is helping to go by functional silos and to flatten organizations because teams require faster, clearer, more direct, and more spontaneous communication. Teaming requires a less-structured atmosphere, one that is much more informal, participatory, and flexible (Burroughs, 1996).The other section of the DHL department contained the packages that were delivered by trucks to the office (the office visited was one of the DHL branch present in my city) and the packages were neatly arranged harmonise to their localities in the storage room. Each package was handled carefully by each employee as they are accountable for the proper delivery of the package and any harm to the courier package would mean refunds from the customer from the firm responsible for the courier.The type of workload that DHL handles varies from customer service (attending calls, queries and even e-mailing that involves the use of computers) to handli ng courier packages. An attendant is always ready at hand to answer any queries for visitors and the work space ensures that the customer is comfortable. Though the office is divided into cubicles, a comfortable space for the customers has been designed. The space has sofas and is moderately lit.The marketing strategies of DHL have been extremely flourishing in yielding business on a global basis and its success has been evident since its inception. As of recent, DHL won the contract from RE/Max network. It was a multimillion dollar agreement with the company that has a network from over 60 countries with 119,000 franchises. The company will now employ DHL services for express and international shipping (Business Wire, 2007). The winning of the multimillion contracts itself is a proof of its successful marketing and contract strategies.The business has been successful since the year of its inception. DHL, of recent, employs more than 300,000 employees throughout the world. The onl ine tool that helps in the shipping tracking on an every-day basis has been extremely useful for many customers who wish to monitor their packages. Furthermore, the DHL merged with the Deutsche Post Euro Express (that is the leading postal provider in Germany and Europe) thereby giving DHL the access to an extensive reliable road network through Europe for business and private clients (Business Wire, 2006).Therefore, the kind of offices that DHL requires is the one that assists with the needs of the employees and the customers. Since there are many vendors and merchants who have partnered with DHL, an office specifically addressing the company inquiries plays a vital role. The future plans of the DHL are many, one of which has been stated by the Deutsche Post Euro Express is the craft of robots. Hermann Franck, the DHL master mind calls this as the Cinderella feature where he states, Developers also plan to integrate RFID technology into the parcel robot.The idea is simple. With transponders placed on parcels and the robot creation equipped with a reading device, the machine could identify the contents of the parcel during the gripping process. The robot would be able to pick through the parcels, just comparable Cinderella picking through the ashes to find the lentils, explains DHLs mastermind Hermann Franck. The idea is not to put the bad into the crop, as the fairytale goes, but to sort the parcels according to specific destination criteria, for instance (Deutsche Post World Net, 2007).As DHL continues to expand itself in various areas, it comes with new ideas as well. The DHL beau monde has an innovation center that addresses the needs of customers and becoming their first choice as well. DHL has been continuously involved in evolving itself technologically and keeps itself in pace with the current events and machines that would facilitate in the development of the company in every way. The modern architecture of today plays a vital role in the succes ses of such companies.While the DHL office visit truly gave an perceptivity into a companys goals, aspirations and statuses, the business architecture is worth appraising. A business architecture, as stated by the BPM institute is, comprehensive manikin used to manage and align an organizations business processes, Information Technology (IT) software and hardware, local and wide area networks, people, operations and projects with the organizations overall outline (BPMinstitute. org, 2007). The DHL office is equipped with the latest tracking software with internet availability.The company has also been rigorous in performing regular checks on technology where it employs the latest to aid in the innovative express service that it offers to its customers. The business has been steadily growing and every year, it has marked a progress by improving its technology on a yearly basis. Today, the trend of information architecture plays a vital role in the businesses and thus, the successe s of the businesses mainly rely on what kind of information architecture has been or is being used by the business.As Judith Lamont in her article, Setting the stage for success- information architecture earns performance congratulations from customers states, Information architecture is the process of organizing and structuring information so that it is logical in design and presentation. It establishes categories and relationships among different pieces of information. It defines metadata schemes, navigation and search interfaces. Good architecture not only helps users find information, but also facilitates updating content by having clear rules for adding new information.And its effects show tip on the bottom line with surprise speed when users can get what they need in just a few clicks (Lamont, 2003). The basic structure that DHL uses is the information architecture. However, it also implements the enterprise architectural system in order to expand its business further. Every businesss architecture plays a vital role in its success as it acts like a blue print for transformation and technology modernization.In the current office visit, I found that due to the high success rates, the employees are glad to serve their satisfied clients in every way they can. Therefore, they create a premise that works efficiently in creating a comfortable and good office environment for workers as well as customers. The DHL Company has been found to work with good working ethics and therefore, if there were any further improvements that could be suggested to this company, it could be on the basis of the enterprise architecture where it can satisfy the workers and the clients to a greater extent than it does today.The DHL in incarnates septet cultures in its company where it believes that employing highly talented people in its office actually boosts the status of being a responsible global corporate. Furthermore, it strives to deliver excellent quality and fosters openne ss. The company also acknowledges its social function as well as strives to act in an entrepreneurial manner. This makes the company look professional and therefore, is the key success to all its ventures.Since it abides by the seven corporate cultures identified, the employees abide by it acknowledging its essence in the industry. Regular training and rewards are given to employees who perform well in their work. The DHL Company also believes that it is through its seven corporate cultures that it poses a stiff competition for its competitors. The benefits of enterprise architecture have been proved efficient in the world of today. If DHL wants to pursue its interests and expansions further, it should acknowledge the essence of enterprise architecture and therefore, as R.Suter in his article entitled, Securing strategic benefit from enterprise architecture states, Enterprise architecture enables the transformation of organizations into efficient users of capital, be it human/intel lectual, organizational, or technical. It does so by identifying capability and resource requirements of the agency mission before resources are committed to development, thereby minimizing the risk of costly rework and schedule overruns identifying apply and streamlining opportunities for technologies, processes, procedures, and information assets.During subsequent development, architecture also enables the management of out-of-scope changes which, however meritorious, would derail subsequent modernization efforts (Suter, 2007). The proper framework of any organization helps in the grammatical construction of a successful business and therefore, only a proper architecture that updates and aligns itself with the business policies of today can assure that the business can be successful. direction itself is considered a part of architecture that ensures that there is a continuous development.DHLs business plans have been consistent and successes have been evident. The fact that it provides excellent client and customer service is the reason why many companies prefer to deal with DHL though some of its prices may seem high compared to its competitors. DHL maintains itself by confirming its ties through its sustaining program where it helps sustain environment (which is a social responsibility), economic performance (by promoting sustainable economic development), people and communities (by providing employment opportunities) and many more.It helps in the continuous development of talents for its employees by religious offering employment training and development programs. Thus, an employee working with DHL is continuously updated and its corporate values help in maintaining a fair attitude towards its employees. The ethical understanding of the DHL Company is evident through its sustaining programs that highlight on equal opportunities and also promotes general health promotion campaigns followed by providing an ideal management program that rewards the effi cient and diligent employees (DHL International, 2007).Maintaining such a network has helped DHL to advance further and I believe the management style of DHL is absolutely efficient in delivering success to its members and thus, is well managed. As DHL further undergoes expansion, it is evident that there is a scope for further additions to its offices throughout the world and if any recommendation is to be offered, I believe it would be communicate the DHL to comprehend the significance of software architecture in the world of today.Basically, it is just a blue print for constructing new products and therefore, as DHL aims to be innovative in its methods (thereby providing satisfactory service to its clients and customers) an expansion into the software architectural strategy would be a wonderful addition. The easy part about the software architecture would be that it wouldnt require any installations but would products based on software architecture are installed. The role of so ftware architectural strategy is to account for the full(a) development of the product that is normally done by various sectors such as building and configuring.Since several sectors of DHL deal with several aspects of technology, the software architectural strategy would provide a fundamental base for the development of new products with innovative ideas (Sanders, 1992). This is the IBMs Distributed Data Management Architecture and is meant for distributed application a service which is correspondent to the one we encounter in DHL Company. This would only serve as an innovative step for the DHL to proceed further in order to satisfy the clients and customers it sustains in its database.

Bacteria Transformation in Biotechnology

Abstract Some bacteria are able to go through work shift devising new combinations of agents. Transformation is a charge of gene variability in bacteria. This experiment is based on the transformation mechanism of bacteria and gene regulation. The bacteria used for the experiment was Escherichia coli and the genes introduces for the transformation were gfp and bla by a pGLO plasmid. after the insertion of the target genes and growing the bacteria on specialized LB media, it could be seen that the transformants were positive for the gene expression.The transformed E. coli on the media appeared fluorescent green under UV light. Introduction The bacteria used in this experiment is Escherichia coli which is not ingrainedly competent. E. coli is a gram negative rod wrought bacteria and a facultative anaerobe. This bacteria forms part of the bacterial flora in the human in runneline tract. The competence of a bacteria is based on its ability to take up naked DNA from the environment and incorporated on theirs, transformation. Alteration in the permeability of the membranes allows DNA to cross the cell gasbag of E. oli. Since the outer membrane of the E. coli is mostly negatively charged and the DNA molecule also has a negative charge, then the addition of CaCl2 will neutralize the interaction so that the naked DNA molecule can enter the cell. (Microbe Library web) Another important factor on the competence of the bacteria is a surgical procedure of alternating temperature between ice bucket and awaken shocks. By the combination of this cardinal procedures E. coli becomes competent. This procedure was first reported by Mandel and Higa. Singh 562) Even though it full treatment it is only believed that CaCl2 helps DNA absorption to cell surface and the heat-shock step facilitates penetration of absorbed DNA into cell. (Panja 411) The main purpose of this experiment is to transform the bacteria to return it resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. A secondary transformation is being made, and is to make the bacteria seem fluoresce green. The reason why the bacteria will fluoresce is because the gfp gene is being inserted under an ara promoter. The gfp gene encodes for the Green fluorescent fixture Protein (GFP).The genes under the ara promoter will be show when the bacteria is in presence of the kail Arabinose. When the transformed E. coli is in presence of Arabinose, the gfp will make the GFP and when the bacteria is placed under UV light it will fluoresce green. The gfp gene was found and extracted from a jellyfish, Aequorea victoria, and is being used as a visible reporter for gene expression. (Garcia-Cayuela 172) To introduce the gfp into the bacterial cell it was needed to be by a plasmid, as well as the gene to make the E. oli resistant to ampicillin, bla gene. The bla gene encodes for the protein beta lactamase which breaks down the ? -lactam ring in the structure of the ampicillin, therefore making it resistant to the antibioti c. Like already said to introduce this cardinal genes to the E. coli it must be done through a plasmid. Both genes were introduced by the same one. In this case the one that was used was a pGLO plasmid. This is an engineered plasmid used as a vector to create genetically modified bacteria. This plasmid contains three proper(postnominal) genes bla, gfp and araC.The araC is a promoter region that regulates the expression of the gfp only under the presence of arabinose sugar. Materials and Methods In this experiment a pGLO transformation kit was used. First we needed two eppie tubes, one pGLO positive and the other pGLO negative. This two eppies were then moved to an ice bucket. During, one loopful of the pGLO plasmid was transfer to the pGLO+ tube. The other tube will be the pGLO-, the Escherichia coli without the plasmid. The two tubes were moved into an ice bucket and left there for 10 minutes. Then the tubes were put into a 42?C water bath for 50 seconds and afterward back to th e ice bucket for 2 minutes more. After the two minutes had passed, a 300 microliters aliquot of LB broth was added to the two test tubes. By adding the LB broth, the CaCl2 solution was also inserted in the tubes with the E. coli. Right after it the tubes were shook for ten minutes in a 37? C shaker. thither were gather 4 petri cases, one with LB media, two with LB amp(ampicillin), and the last one with LB amp ara(arabinose sugar). After the 10 minutes each plate was given an aliquot of 100 microliters with one of the E. coli of the eppie tubes.The LB plate and LB amp had the pGLO- and the other two plates, LB amp ara and LB amp, had the pGLO+. After this step its done the plates are prepared to be incubated at 37? C for two days and reveal the results of the induced transformation. LAB 9 TRANSFORMATION PROCEDURE Results The results for this experiment were a bit ambiguous but still recognizable and pretty clear. All of these plates were seen under UV light. In the LB plate pGLO- , after the incubation, there was found a lawn of Escherichia coli colonies that looked green because of the light. The LB amp plate with the pGLO- bacteria, the E. oli did not seem like it grow on it, the media scarce looked green. A count of 172 colonies that looked green, was found in the LB amp pGLO+ plate, this plate had ampicillin. In the LB ara amp media plate there were found 251 colonies of E. coli. In this plate the colonies looked fluorescent green under the UV light, the only plate. In a scale of growth from larger to smaller, the first in line would be the LB, then LB ara amp, proceeds LB amp (pGLO+), and last one LB amp (pGLO-). Table 1. 1 Results oftransformationof E. coli withpGLO plasmid mediapGLO+pGLO-color(under UV light)growthLB -Yesgreenlawn of colonies LB amp-yesmedia look greenno growth LB ampyes-green172 colonies LB amp arayes-fluorescent green251 colonies -= n/a Discussion The results obtained in this experiment were as expected. The gfp should had been expre ssed under the presence of arabinose sugar and then under the UV light would fluoresce. The bla gene was expected to be expressed in the presence of ampicillin molecules. The LB pGLO- plate was a influence plate meaning that this plate set a reference parameter to compare the results after the transformation. In this plate the growth of the E. oli was in a Brobdingnagian amount since this is a general media target for growth. In the LB amp pGLO- plate, the other control, the E. coli was not transformed with the plasmid, so in presence of the ampicillin the natural behavior of the bacteria is that is susceptible to it. In another hand, the plate of LB amp pGLO+ presented growth meaning that the bacteria took up the plasmid and was able to expressed the genes by an induce transformation. The result being that the transformed E. coli is now resistant to the ampicillin. The last plate, LB amp ara pGLO+, appeared with 251 fluorescent green colonies under the UV light.The reason for it is that the bacteria took up the pGLO plasmid and when the E. coli was in the presence of arabinose and ampicillin, the bacteria could fluoresce green and be resistant to ampicillin which naturally the E. coli does not hold this genes. When this last plate is compared with the control plates it can be confirmed that the procedure done in this experiment was effective as hoped. The arabinose sugar is the intriguer that turns on the genes under the ara promoter. So when the gfp under this promoter turns on, all the other genes under the same promoter will expressed in the cell also.No genuinely noticeable source of error was found during the experiment since the results obtained were completely expected based in the information of the procedure. New studies are being made eer and this transformation technique is widely used in the field of biotechnology. In the study of Plasmid DNA Transformation in Escherichia Coli Effect of Heat knock Temperature, Duration, and Cold Incubation o f CaCl2 Treated Cells, the experiment was based on how much quantitative is the difference between different variables possible to reach for the best optimal environment to exploit to the maximum the use of this technique.These results suggest that a heat shock pulse of 30 sec at 42C followed by a 10 min ice incubation step are ideal parameters to obtain maximum transformation efficiency, also suggest that post heat shock cold incubation step is also an important factor and enhances transformation of E. coli significantly (Singh 561) The relevance of this paper on the experiment performed and discussed previously is big. The results of Singhs experiment helps our experiment in enhancing the correctness of our results and lowering the possible errors that can surge.Also it can be a great reference of how to determine the optimum conditions of a specific bacteria which would contribute in other research fields. Citations Anh-Hue T. Tu. Transformation of Escherichia coli Made Competen t by Calcium Chloride Protocol. Microbe Library. American Society of Microbiology. October 25, 2012. Web. November 10, 2012 Garcia-Cayuela, Tomas,. Fluorescent protein vectors for promoter analysis in lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli. 172. Applied Genetics and Molecular Biotechnology.Pdf Panja, Subrata,. Aich, Pulakesh,. Jana, Bimal,. Basu, Tarakdas. How does plasmid DNA penetrate cell membranes in arti? cial transformation process of Escherichia coli? 25(5) 411 Molecular Membrane Biology, August 2008. Pdf. Singh, Mahipal,. Yadav, Arpita. Ma, Xiaoling. Amoah, Eugene. Plasmid DNA Transformation in Escherichia Coli Effect of Heat Shock Temperature, Duration, and Cold Incubation of CaCl2 Treated Cells. pile 6 Number 4, 2010. 561 562 International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry. Pdf.

Coca Cola and Pepsi Profitability Analysis Essay

Gross profit bound(2013) = degree centigrade 28,433/46,854 = 60.68%Gross profit tolerance(2012) = carbon x 28,964/ 48,017=60.32%Gross profit margin(2011) = 100 x 28,326 = 60.86%Source PepsiCo Inc. yearly ReportsGross profit margin (2013) = 100 x 35,172/66,415 = 52.96%Gross profit margin (2012) = 100 x 34,201/65,492 = 52.22%Gross profit margin (2011) = 100 x 34,911/66,504 = 52.49%Gross profit margin is a resource for paying extra expenses and future cutbacks. Coca-Cola Co. gross profit margin declined from 2011 to 2012 but accordingly inclined from 2012 to 2013. However, it did not reach the level of 2011. PepsiCo Inc.s gross profit margin, on the other hand, diminish from 2011 to 2012 however it improved from 2012 to 2013 go over 2011s level. Comparing the two companies, Coca-Cola Co. has a higher gross profit margin which shows superior fraction of revenue existing to coat operating and other costs. realise earn Margin (USD $ in Millions)Coca-Cola Co.201320122011Net Income Before Minority Share of Earnings, Equity Income, and Nonrecurring items8,5849,0198,572Net Sales46,85448,01746,542Net Profit Margin18.32 %18.78 %18.42 %Source Coca-Cola Co. Annual ReportsNet Profit Margin (2013) = 100 x 8,584/ 46,854 = 18.32%Net Profit Margin (2012) = 100 x 9,019/48,017 = 18.78%Net Profit Margin (2011) = 100 x 8,572/46,542 = 18.42%PepsiCo201320122011Net Income Before Minority Share of Earnings, Equity Income, and Nonrecurring Items6,7406,1786,443Net Sales66,41565,49266,504Net profit margin10.15 %9.43 %9.69 %Source PepsiCo Inc. Annual ReportsNet Profit Margin(2013) = 100 x 6,740/66,415 = 10.15%Net Profit Margin(2012) = 100 x 6,178/65,492 = 9.43%Net Profit Margin(2011) = 100 x 6,443/66,504 = 9.690%Net profit margin is an indicator of profitability, computed as profits income divided by revenue. It measures how much out of every dollar of sales a company actually keeps in earnings.(Wintner & Tardif, 2006, p349)Coca-Cola Co. net profit margin improved as of 2011 to 201 2 although decreased drastically starting 2012 to 2013.PepsiCo Inc. net profit margin go reduce beginning of year 2011 to year 2012 but later(prenominal) that recovered from 2012 to 2013 going beyond the level of 2011. The figures above indicate that Coca-Cola Co. has a elevated profit margin compare to PepsiCo Inc., which indicates more cost-effective corporation which breach control its costs compared to Coca-Cola Inc. list Asset Turnover (USD $ in Millions)Source Coca-Cola Co. Annual ReportsTotal assets turnover(2013) = 46854/90055 = 0.52Total assets turnover(2012) = 48017/86174 = 0.56Total assets turnover(2011) = 46542/79974 = 0.58PepsiCo Inc.20132012Net revenue6641565492Total assets7747874638Total assets turnover0.850.87Source PepsiCo Inc. Annual ReportsTotal assets turnover (2013) = 66415/77478 = 0.85Total assets turnover (2012) = 65492/74638 = 0.87Coca-Cola Co.s net profit margin enhanced from 2011 to 2012 nevertheless godown considerably as of 2012 toward 2013. PepsiCo Inc.s net profit margin, on the other hand, worsens since 2011 to year 2012 but raised the following year exceeding the level of 2011. The figures above indicate that PepsiCo Inc. has a higher Total Assets Turnover comparing to Coca-Cola Co. which shows that PepsiCo turns its assets faster into sales. Asset Turnover is connected to damages on Assets (ROA) through Du Pont formula.DuPont Return on Assets (ROA) (USD $ in Millions)Coca-Cola Co.201320122011Net Profit Margin18.32%18.78%18.42%Asset Turnover0.520.560.58Return on Assets(ROA)9.5210.5110.68Source Coca-Cola Co. Annual ReportsROA(2013) = 18.32% x 0.52 = 9.52ROA(2012) = 18.78% x 0.55 = 10.51ROA(2011) = 18.42% x 0.58 = 10.68PepsiCo Inc.20132012Net Profit Margin10.15%9.43%Asset Turnover0.850.87Return on Assets (ROA)8.628.20Source PepsiCo Inc. Annual ReportsROA(2013) = 10.15% x 0.85 = 8.62ROA(2012) = 9.43% x 0.87 = 8.20The ROA poesy provides investors with an overview of how efficiently the business is converting the investment i nto net income. (Gibson, 2009) Coca-Cola Co. ROA decreased starting of 2011 to 2012 as well as as of 2012 towards 2013. PepsiCo Inc. ROA, on the other hand, declined from year 2011 to 2012s level however later inclined since 2012 towards 2013, however it did not reach the level of 201l. Nevertheless, Coca-Cola has a higher the ROA numbers compare to PepsiCo. which shows that the business earns more capital on a smaller amount of investment.DuPont Return on Equity(ROE) (USD $ in Millions)Coca-Cola Co.201320122011Net Income8,5849,0198,584Total Shareholder Equity33,17332,79031,635Return on Equity (ROE)25.87%27.50%27.13%Source Coca-Cola Co. Annual ReportsROE(2013) =100 x 8,584/33,173 = 25.87%ROE(2012) = 100 x 9,019/32,790 = 27.50%ROE(2011) = 100 x 8,584/31,635 = 27.13%PepsiCo Inc.201320122011Net Income6,7406,1786,443Total Shareholder Equity24,27922,29420,588Return on Equity(ROE)27.76 %27.71 %31.29 %Source PepsiCo Inc. Annual ReportsROE (2013) = 100 x 6,740/24,279 = 27.76%ROE(2012) = 100 x 6,178/ 22,294 = 27.71%ROE(2011) = 100 x 6,443/20,588 = 31.29%Return on Equity (ROE) determines how sound a company makes use of reinvested earnings to make more earnings. ROE is utilized as a common point of the business effectiveness. In other words, what amount of revenue the business is capable to generate with the resources provided by its stockholders. (Gibson,2009) Coca-Cola Co.s ROE increased as of 2011 towards 2012 except that later declined considerably from 2012 to 2013.PepsiCo Inc.s ROE, on the other hand, decreased starting year 2011 to 2012 but then slightly riseup from 2012 to 2013. Based on the numbers above, we can conclude that PepsiCo Inc. has a competitive advantage over Coca-Cola Co. because it has a higher ROE, which means that is growing profits without pouring new capitals into business.ReferencesWintner, S., Tardif, M. (2006)Financial Management for form Professionals The Path to Profitability. MA Kaplan AEC Education. Retrived from http//finance.yahoo.co m/news/abercrombie-fitch-no-profits-just-225850116.html?&session-id=7b3af266ae1a387aaf0cfe6dca24ba10 Gibson, C. (2009)Financial Reporting & Analysis. Using Financial Accounting Information (11the Ed) MA South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason,OH

Differing Cultures

One society that significantly differs from the United States in terms of values and beliefs are the Chinese. by chance the most significant difference between the two is that the Chinese is generally a conservative society while the United States is to a greater extent liberal-minded. This is best shown in their attitude towards sex and religion, among many others. Based on recent survey and studies, there were a lot of Americans who have had sexual intercourse in their teenaged years.In short, most Americans, particularly the youth, view sex as more of a casual thing as compared to the Chinese who have strict prohibitions regarding sex. Moreover, the Americans are more vocal more or less sex as well as other sensitive issues regarding race and gender, among others while the Chinese prefer not to talk about these issues publicly. In addition, the Chinese are more superstitious than the Americans. This is shown in their popular practices such as feng-shui and various rituals durin g death and marriage, to name a few.Furthermore, the Chinese has a more preserved culture than the United States as shown in their various traditions that are still being practiced today. They also maintain and practice their ethnic beliefs and principles no matter where they go, which is shown in the various Chinatowns across the world wherein the population is predominantly Chinese. On the other hand due to the United States cultural diversity, it is rough to determine exactly what their practices are except during holidays.Basically, the vast differences between the two societies can greatly affect merchandise strategies and decisions since commercial companies and businesses, particularly the international ones, would perpetually have to ensure that their advertisements would not offend a certain society. For example, it would be hard for a liberal product to penetrate markets in China or in Chinese societies if its advertisements contain things that are offensive to them. I n other words, this difference in culture would more often than not alter marketing decisions in a way that would be fair to all cultures and societies.

The Host Chapter 8: Loved

Youre afraid to fly? The Seekers interpretive program was full of disbelief edging toward mockery. Youve traveled th spotty robust space eight times and youre afraid to hit a shuttle to Tucson, Arizona?First of solely, Im not afraid. Second, when I traveled through deep space I wasnt exactly aw be of where I was, what with organism sto flushed in a hibernation chamber. And third, this host channels motion sickness on shuttles.The Seeker rolled her eye in disgust. So take medication What would you have do if Healer Fords hadnt relocated to Saint Marys? Would you be cause to Chicago?No. simply since the option of driving is now actorable, I give take it. It volition be nice to see a min more than of this world. The desert can be stunning -The desert is dead boring.-and Im not in every hurry. I have m whatever minutegs to think through, and I will appreciate some time alone. I human faceed pointedly at her as I emphasize the last explicate.I dont understand the point of visiting your old Healer anyway. in that location are many competent Healers here.Im comfortable with Healer Fords. He has run into with this, and I dont trust that I have all the information I need. I gave her another significant look.You dont have time to not hurry, Wanderer. I spy the signs.Forgive me if I dont consider your information impartial. I hold out enough of human behavior to recognize the signs of manipulation.She glowered at me.I was packing my rental railroad car with the few things I planned to take with me. I had enough clothes to go a week between washing, and the basic hygiene necessities. Though I wasnt communicateing some(prenominal), I was leaving even less behind. Id accumulated very little in the way of personal belongings. After all these months in my micro apartment, the walls were still bare, the shelves empty. Perhaps Id never meant to settle here.The Seeker was planted on the sidewalk next to my open trunk, assailing me with snide questions and comments whenever I was in hearing distance. At least I was secure in the belief that she was far too impatient to follow me on the road. She would take a shuttle to Tucson, vindicatory as she was hoping to shame me into doing. It was a huge relief. I imagined her joining me every time I stopped to eat, hoering outside gas station bathrooms, her inexhaustible inquisitions waiting for me whenever my fomite paused at a light. I shuddered at the thought. If a new body meant freeing myself of the Seeker well, that was quite an inducement.I had another choice, too. I could abandon this undefiled world as a failure and move on to a tenth planet. I could work to forget this whole experience. Earth could be serious a short blip in my otherwise spotless record.But where would I go? A planet Id already experienced? The Singing conception had been one of my favorites, but to give up sight for blindness? The Planet of the Flowers was have intercoursely Yet chlorophyll-based life-forms had so little range of emotion. It would feel unbearably slake after the tempo of this human get off.A new planet? There was a recent acquisition-here on Earth, they were calling the new hosts Dolphins for lack of a unwrap comparison, though they resembled dragonflies more than marine mammals. A highly developed species, and certainly mobile, but after my long stay with the See Weeds, the thought of another piddle planet was repugnant to me.No, there was still so much to this planet that I hadnt experienced. Nowhere else in the known universe called to me as strongly as this shady little common land yard on this quiet street. Or held the lure of the empty desert sky, which Id seen only in Melanies memories.Melanie did not share her sound judgment on my options. She had been very quiet since my decision to find Fords Deep Waters, my low gear Healer. I wasnt sure what the detachment meant. Was she get a lineing to seem less dangerous, less of a burden? Was she preparing herself f or the invasion of the Seeker? For death? Or was she preparing to fight me? To sweat to take over?Whatever her plan, she kept herself distant. She was mediocre a faint, watchful aim in the back of my head.I made my last trip inside, searching for anything forgotten. The apartment looked empty. There were only the basic furnishings that had been left by the last tenant. The similar plates were still in the cupboards, the pillows on the bed, the lamps on the tables if I didnt issue back, there would be little for the next tenant to clear out.The phone rang as I was stepping out the door, and I pulled back to get it, but I was too late. Id already set the message system to answer on the startle ring. I knew what the caller would hear my vague explanation that I would be out the rest of the semester, and that my classes would be canceled until a re fundamentment could be found. No reason given. I looked at the clock on top of the television. It was barely past eight in the mornin g. I was sure it moldiness be Curt on the phone, having still received the only slightly more detailed e-mail Id sent him late last night. I felt guilty about not finishing out my commitment to him, almost like I was already skipping. Perhaps this step, this quitting, was the prelude to my next decision, my greater shame. The thought was uncomfortable. It made me unwilling to attend to whatever the message said, though I wasnt in any real hurry to leave.I looked around the empty apartment one more time. There was no sense of leaving anything behind me, no fondness for these rooms. I had the strange tone of voice that this world-not just Melanie, but the entire orb of the planet-did not demand me, no matter how much I wanted it. I just couldnt seem to get my roots in. I smiled wryly at the thought of roots. This feeling was just superstitious nonsense.Id never had a host that was capable of superstition. It was an interesting one. Like knowing you were being watched without bein g able to find the watcher. It raised twat bumps on the nape of my neck.I shut the door firmly behind me but did not touch the obsolete locks. No one would disturb this place until I returned or it was given to someone new.Without looking at the Seeker, I climbed into the car. I hadnt done much driving, and neither had Melanie, so this made me a bit nervous. But I was sure I would get used to it soon enough.Ill be waiting for you in Tucson, the Seeker said, disceptationing in the open passenger-side windowpane as I started the engine.I have no doubt of that, I muttered.I found the controls on the door panel. Trying to hide a smile, I hit the button to raise the glass and watched her jump back.Maybe, she said, raising her voice to almost a shout so that I could hear her over the engine noise and through the closed window, maybe Ill try it your way. Maybe Ill see you on the road.She smiled and shrugged.She was just saying it to upset me. I tried not to let her see that she had. I fo cused my eyes on the road ahead and pulled carefully off from the curb.It was easy enough to find the freeway and wherefore follow the signs out of San Diego. Soon there were no signs to follow, no wrong turns to take. In eight hours I would be in Tucson. It wasnt long enough. Perhaps I would stay a night in some small town along the way. If I could be sure that the Seeker would be ahead, waiting impatiently, rather than following behind, a stop would be a nice delay.I found myself looking in the rearview mirror often, searching for a sign of pursuit. I was driving slower than anyone else, unwilling to reach my destination, and the other cars passed me without pause. There were no organisations I recognized as they moved ahead. I shouldnt have let the Seekers razz bother me she clearly didnt have the temperament to go anywhere slowly. Still I continued to watch for her.Id been west to the ocean, north and south up and start the pretty California coastline, but Id never been ea st for any distance at all. Civilization fell behind me quickly, and I was soon surrounded by the blank hills and rocks that were the precursors to the empty desert wastelands.It was very relaxing to be out-of-door from civilization, and this bothered me. I should not have found the loneliness so welcoming. Souls were sociable. We lived and worked and grew unitedly in harmony. We were all the same peaceful, friendly, honest. Why should I feel weaken away(predicate) from my kind? Was it Melanie who made me this way?I searched for her but found her remote, aspiration in the back of my head.This was the best it had been since shed started talking once more.The miles passed quickly. The dark, rough rocks and the dusty plains covered in scrub flew by with monotonous uniformity. I realized I was driving faster than Id meant to. There wasnt anything to keep my mind occupied here, so I found it hard to linger. Absently, I wondered why the desert was so much more colorful in Melanies me mories, so much more compelling. I let my mind coast with hers, trying to see what it was that was special about this vacant place.But she wasnt seeing the sparse, dead land surrounding us. She was dreaming of another desert, canyoned and red, a magical place. She didnt try to keep me out. In fact, she seemed almost unaware of my presence. I questioned again what her detachment meant. I sensed no thought of attack. It felt more like a preparation for the end.She was living in a happier place in her memory, as if she were saying goodbye. It was a place she had never allowed me to see before.There was a cabin, an ingenious dwelling tucked into a nook in the red sandstone, perilously close to the flash flood line. An unlikely place, far from any trail or path, built in what seemed a senseless location. A rough place, without any of the conveniences of modern technology. She remembered laughing at the sink one had to pump to pull water up from the ground.It beats pipes, Jared says, the crease between his eyes deepening as his brows pull in concert. He seems worried by my laugh. Is he afraid I dont like it? Nothing to trace, no evidence that were here.I love it, I say quickly. Its like an old movie. Its perfect.The smile that never truly leaves his face-he smiles even in his sleep-grows wide. They dont tell you the worst parts in the movies. Cmon, Ill show you where the latrine is.I hear Jamies laughter echo through the narrow canyon as he runs ahead of us. His black hair bounces with his body. He bounces all the time now, this thin boy with the sun-darkened skin. I hadnt realized how much weight those narrow shoulders were carrying. With Jared, he is positively buoyant. The anxious expression has faded, replaced by grins. We are both more resilient than I gave us credit for.Who built this place?My father and older brothers. I helped, or rather hindered, a little. My dad loved to get away from everything. And he didnt care much about convention. He never bothered to find out who the land actually belonged to or file permits or any of that pesky stuff. Jared laughs, throwing his head back. The sun dances off the blond bits in his hair. Officially, this place doesnt exist. Convenient, isnt it? Without seeming to think about it, he reaches out and takes my hand.My skin burns where it brooks his. It feels better than good, but it sets off a strange aching in my chest.He is forever speck me this way, constantly seeming to need to reassure himself that I am here. Does he realize what it does to me, the simple pressure of his warm palm next to mine? Does his pulse jump in his veins, too? Or is he just happy to not be alone anymore?He swings our arms as we walk beneath a little stand of cottonwood trees, their green so vivid against the red that it plays tricks on my eyes, confusing my focus. He is happy here, happier than in other places. I feel happy, too. The feeling is still unfamiliar.He hasnt kissed me since that first night, when I scream ed, finding the scar on his neck. Does he not want to kiss me again? Should I kiss him? What if he doesnt like that?He looks round off at me and smiles, the lines around his eyes crinkling into little webs. I wonder if he is as handsome as I think he is, or if its just that hes the only person left in the whole world besides Jamie and me.No, I dont think thats it. He really is beautiful.What are you thinking, Mel? he asks. You seem to be concentrating on something very important. He laughs.I shrug, and my stomach flutters. Its beautiful here.He looks around us. Yes. But then, isnt home always beautiful?Home. I repeat the word quietly. Home.Your home, too, if you want it.I want it. It seems like every mile Ive walked in the past one-third years has been toward this place. I never want to leave, though I know well have to. Food doesnt grow on trees. Not in the desert, at least.He squeezes my hand, and my heart punches against my ribs. Its just like pain, this pleasure.There was a bl urring sensation as Melanie skipped ahead, her thoughts dancing through the hot day until hours after the sun had fallen behind the red canyon walls. I went along, almost hypnotized by the endless road stretching ahead of me, the skeletal bushes flying by with mind-numbing sameness.I peek into the one narrow little bedroom. The full-size mattress is only inches away from the rough stone walls on either side.It gives me a deep, rich sense of joy to see Jamie asleep on a real bed, his head on a soft pillow. His lanky arms and legs sprawl out, leaving little room for me where I am meant to sleep. He is so much bigger in reality than the way I see him in my head. Almost ten-soon he wont be a child at all. Except that he will always be a child to me.Jamie breathes evenly, sleeping sound. There is no fear in his dream, for this moment at least.I shut the door quietly and go back to the small couch where Jared waits.Thank you, I whisper, though I know shouting the words wouldnt wake Jamie now. I feel disconsolate. This couch is much too short for you. Maybe you should take the bed with Jamie.Jared chuckles. Mel, youre only a few inches shorter than I am. Sleep comfortably, for once. Next time Im out, Ill steal myself a cot or something. I dont like this, for lots of reasons. get out he be leaving soon? Will he take us with him when he goes? Does he see this room assignment as a permanent thing?He drops his arm around my shoulders and tucks me against his side. I scoot closer, though the heat of touching him has my heart aching again.Why the frown? he asks.When will you when will we have to leave again?He shrugs. We scavenged enough on our way up that were set for a few months. I can do a few short raids if you want to stay in one place for a while. Im sure youre tired of running.Yes, I am, I agree. I take a deep breath to make me brave. But if you go, I go.He hugs me tighter. Ill admit, I cull it that way. The thought of being separated from you He laughs quietly. Does it sound crazy to say that Id rather die? Too melodramatic?No, I know what you mean.He must feel the same way I do. Would he say these things if he thought of me as just another human, and not as a adult female?I realize that this is the first time weve ever been really alone since the night we met-the first time theres been a door to close between a sleeping Jamie and the two of us. So many nights weve stayed awake, talking in whispers, telling all of our stories, the happy stories and the horror stories, always with Jamies head cradled on my lap. It makes my breath come faster, that simple closed door.I dont think you need to find a cot, not yet.I feel his eyes on me, questioning, but I cant meet them. Im embarrassed now, too late. The words are out.Well stay here until the food is gone, dont worry. Ive slept on worse things than this couch.Thats not what I mean, I say, still looking down.You get the bed, Mel. Im not budging on that.Thats not what I mean, either. Its barely a whisper. I meant the couch is plenty big for Jamie. He wont outgrow it for a long time. I could share the bed with you.There is a pause. I want to look up, to read the expression on his face, but Im too mortified. What if he is disgusted? How will I stand it? Will he make me go away?His warm, callused fingers tug my chin up. My heart throbs when our eyes meet.Mel, I His face, for once, has no smile.I try to look away, but he holds my chin so that my gaze cant escape his. Does he not feel the fire between his body and mine? Is that all me? How can it all be me? It feels like a flat sun trapped between us-pressed like a flower between the pages of a buddy-buddy book, burning the paper. Does it feel like something else to him? Something bad?After a moment, his head turns hes the one looking away now, still keeping his grip on my chin. His voice is quiet. You dont owe me that, Melanie. You dont owe me anything at all.Its hard for me to swallow. Im not saying I didnt mean that I felt obligated. And you shouldnt, either. Forget I said anything.Not likely, Mel.He sighs, and I want to disappear. Give up-lose my mind to the invaders if thats what it takes to erase this huge blunder. Trade the future to blot out the last two minutes of the past. Anything.Jared takes a deep breath. He squints at the floor, his eyes and jaw tight. Mel, it doesnt have to be like that. Just because were together, just because were the last man and woman on Earth He struggles for words, something I dont think Ive ever seen him do before. That doesnt mean you have to do anything you dont want to. Im not the kind of man who would expect You dont have toHe looks so upset, still frowning away, that I find myself speaking, though I know its a mistake before I start. Thats not what I mean, I mutter. sire to is not what Im talking about, and I dont think youre that kind of man. No. Of course not. Its just that -Just that I love him. I grit my teeth together before I can humiliate myself more. I should bite my tongue off right now before it ruins anything else.Just that? he asks.I try to shake my head, but hes still holding my chin tight between his fingers.Mel?I yank free and shake my head fiercely.He leans closer to me, and his face is different suddenly. Theres a new conflict I dont recognize in his expression, and even though I dont understand it completely, it erases the feeling of rejection thats making my eyes sting.Will you talk to me? Please? he murmurs. I can feel his breath on my cheek, and its a few seconds before I can think at all.His eyes make me forget that I am mortified, that I wanted to never speak again.If I got to pick anyone, anyone at all, to be stranded on a deserted planet with, it would be you, I whisper. The sun between us burns hotter. I always want to be with you. And not just not just to talk to. When you touch me I dare to let my fingers brush lightly along the warm skin of his arm, and it feels like the flames are sleek from their tips now . His arm tightens around me. Does he feel the fire? I dont want you to stop. I want to be more exact, but I cant find the words. Thats fine. Its bad enough having admitted this much. If you dont feel the same way, I understand. Maybe it isnt the same for you. Thats okay. Lies.Oh, Mel, he sighs in my ear, and pulls my face around to meet his.More flames in his lips, fiercer than the others, blistering. I dont know what Im doing, but it doesnt seem to matter. His hands are in my hair, and my heart is about to combust. I cant breathe. I dont want to breathe.But his lips move to my ear, and he holds my face when I try to find them again.It was a miracle-more than a miracle-when I found you, Melanie. Right now, if I was given the choice between having the world back and having you, I wouldnt be able to give you up. Not to save five billion lives.Thats wrong.Very wrong but very true.Jared, I breathe. I try to reach for his lips again. He pulls away, looking like he has something to say. What more can there be?ButBut? How can there be a but? What could perhaps follow all this fire that starts with a but?But youre seventeen, Melanie. And Im twenty-six.Whats that got to do with anything?He doesnt answer. His hands stroke my arms slowly, painting them with fire.Youve got to be kidding me. I lean back to search his face. Youre going to worry about conventions when were past the end of the world?He swallows loudly before he speaks. Most conventions exist for a reason, Mel. I would feel like a bad person, like I was taking advantage. Youre very young.No ones young anymore. Anyone whos survived this long is ancient.Theres a smile clout up one corner of his mouth. Maybe youre right. But this isnt something we need to rush.What is there to wait for? I demand.He hesitates for a long moment, thinking.Well, for one thing, there are some practical matters to consider.I wonder if he is just searching for a distraction, trying to stall. Thats what it feels like. I raise one eyeb row. I cant believe the turn this conversation has taken. If he really does want me, this is senseless.See, he explains, hesitating. Under the deep golden tan of his skin, it looks like he might be blushing. When I was stocking this place, I wasnt much planning for guests. What I mean is The rest comes out in a rush. Birth control was pretty much the last thing on my mind.I feel my forehead crease. Oh.The smile is gone from his face, and for one short second there is a flash of anger Ive never seen there before. It makes him look dangerous in a way I hadnt imagined he could. This isnt the kind of world Id want to bring a child into.The words sink in, and I cringe at the thought of a tiny, innocent baby opening his eyes to this place. Its bad enough to watch Jamies eyes, to know what this life will bring him, even in the best possible circumstances.Jared is suddenly Jared again. The skin around his eyes crinkles. Besides, weve got plenty of time to think about this. Stalling again, I suspect. Do you realize how very, very little time weve been together so far? Its been just four weeks since we found each other.This floors me. That cant be.Twenty-nine years. Im counting.I think back. Its not possible that it has been only twenty-nine days since Jared changed our lives. It seems like Jamie and I have been with Jared every bit as long as we were alone. Two or three years, maybe.Weve got time, Jared says again.An abrupt panic, like a warning premonition, makes it impossible for me to speak for a long moment. He watches the change on my face with worried eyes.You dont know that. The despair that softened when he found me strikes like the lash of a whip. You cant know how much time well have. You dont know if we should be counting in months or days or hours.He laughs a warm laugh, touching his lips to the tense place where my eyebrows pull together. Dont worry, Mel. Miracles dont work that way. Ill never lose you. Ill never let you get away from me.She brought me b ack to the present-to the thin ribbon of the highway winding through the Arizona wasteland, baking under the fierce noon sun-without my choosing to return. I stared at the empty place ahead and felt the empty place inside.Her thought sighed faintly in my head You never know how much time youll have.The tears I was instant belonged to both of us.

Writing and Business Letter

Oakley Public School Content Area persuasion Language Arts unit Title Types of Nonfiction Essays, Articles, and Speeches Grade Level Ninth Grade unit Summary This unit leave revisit the genre of nonfiction with an emphasis on the variant of strives, articles, and speeches. The unit allow for reinforce the premise that the concepts and evidence presented by authors of nonfiction are f motionual, even though the bring throughr may include anecdotes that are fictional, ideas that are personal, or language that is poetic.As the students read the samples of nonfiction included in this unit, they go forth come more proficient In recognizing the techniques of narrative, reflective, and persuasive composition. Primary Interdisciplinary Connections Social Studies science Technology 21st Century Themes Standard 9. 1 -21st Century Life & Career Skills All students entrust demonstrate the creative, critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving clevernesss needed to functio n successfully as both global citizens and workers in respective(a) ethnic and organizational cultures. A.Critical Thinking and Problem Solving The ability to recognize a problem and curb critical thinking and problem-solving kills to solve the problem Is a lifelong skill that develops everyplace time. B. Creatively and invention Gathering and evaluating knowledge and information from a admixture of sources, including global perspectives, fosters creativity and innovative thinking. D. Cross- Cultural agreement and Interpersonal Communication Effective communication skills convey intended significance to others and do in preventing misunderstandings.Unit precept In rate to become global thinkers with an astute awareness of the world around them, ninth word form students must be set upd with the tools for course session nonfiction with cognition and fluency. instructors should still model active meter reading strategies In the high school classroom In order to assist t he students In meaningful reading experiences and suck up them In the reading process. Making connections when reading and bring uping with authors and their chosen subject matter volition help and science.When reading nonfiction, students must learn to separate fact from opinion and recognize a writers bias in order to work out informed decisions ab start what they affirm read. By reading a manakin of set abouts, article, and speeches, students should learn to station a writers voice and recognize that authors write with a particular audience and adjudicate in mind. In turn, the students give learn to develop their own unique voice as they write for a variety of audiences and purposes themselves.Learning Targets Standards Reading for Informational text edition (RI) Key Ideas and Details, Craft and Structure, Integration of Knowledge and Ideas, and Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity. piece of music (W) Text Types and Purposes, Production and Distribution of W riting, Research to Build and Present Knowledge, and Range of Writing sermon & Listening (SSL) Comprehension and Collaboration, and Presentation of Knowledge ND Ideas. Language (L) Conventions of Standard English and Vocabulary accomplishment and utilize.ICP Number Cumulative Progress Indicator (ICP) Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to harbour summary of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. ERR Determine a central idea of a text and give way its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and graceful by ad hoc details provide an objective lens summary of the text. ERR Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn in the midst of them.ERR Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings test the cumulative impact of circumstantial word choices on meaning and tone (e. G. , how the language of a speak to opinion differs from that of a paper). ERR Determine an authors point of view or purpose in a text and poll how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose. ERR designate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether he ratiocination is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient bring out false directions and fallacious thinking.ERR Analyze seminal U. S. Documents of historical and literary signifi sightce (e. G. , Washingtons valediction Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt Four Freedoms speech, Kings garner from Birmingham Jail), including how they address related themes and concepts. ROI By the end of grade 9, read and grasp literary nonfiction in the grades 9-10 text decomposableity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. WI valid r easoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. A.Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and become an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. B. break dance claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each piece of music pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audiences knowledge level and concerns. C. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major dents of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. Establish and main(prenominal)tain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. E. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and keep fors the argument presented. WWW preserve informative/explanatory t exts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. A. Introduce a topic aim complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions include formatting (e. . , headings), graphics (e. G. Figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. B. Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples usurp to the audiences knowledge of the topic. C. Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts. D.Use precise language and domain-specific language to manage the complexity of the topic. E. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and inventions of the discipline in which they are writing. F. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e. G. , articulating implications or the significance of the topic). WWW Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.WWW Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, managementing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WWW Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking profit of technology capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.WWW Conduct bypass as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate synthesize multiple sources on th e subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. Wool Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) ND shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.SSL Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative newss (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with several(a) partners on grades 9-10 topics, texts, and Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to commence a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas. B. Work with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making (e. G. Informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, and founding of alternate views), clear goals and deadlines, and individual roles as needed. C. Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that rel ate the current discussion to broader themes or larger ideas actively incorporate others into the discussion and clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions. D. Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, summarize points of agreement and disagreement, and, when warranted, qualify or Justify their own views and understanding and make new connections in light of the evidence and reasoning resented.SSL Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e. G. , visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source. SSL Evaluate a speakers point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence. SSL Present information, findings, and musical accompaniment evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that meeters can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, aud ience, and task.SSL chance upon strategic use of digital media (e. G. , textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest. SSL Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. (See grades 9-10 Language standards 1 and 3 on pages 54 for specific expectations. ) Al deliver command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. A. Use pair structure. . Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, repositioned, and absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations. LO Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. A. Use a semicolon (and perhaps a continuative adve rb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses. B. Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation. C.Spell correctly. Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more Lully when reading or listening. A. Write and edit work so that it conforms to the selectlines in a style manual (e. G. , MEAL Handbook, Turbans Manual for Writers) Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. A. Interpret Figures of speech (e. G. , euphemism, oxymoron) in context and give way their role in the text. . Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations. LO Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and rarer readiness level demonstrate license in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. Unit Essential Questions How does understanding a texts structure help me better understand its meaning? How does fluency affect comprehension?What do readers do when they do not understand everything in a text? why do readers need to pay attention to a writers choice of words? How do readers construct meaning from text? How do good writers express themselves? How does process shape the writers product? How do writers develop a well written product? How do rules of language affect communication? Why does a writer choose a particular form of writing? Unit Enduring pinchs redeing of a texts features, structures, and characteristics facilitate the readers ability to make meaning of the text.Fluent readers group words quickly to help them take on meaning from what they read. Good readers employ strategies to help them understand text. Strategic readers can develop, select, and apply Good readers compare, infer, synthesize, and make co nnections (text to text, text to world, text to self) to make text personally relevant and useful. Good writers develop and refine their ideas for thinking, culture, communicating, and esthetic expression Good writers use a repertoire of strategies that enables them to vary form and style, in order to write for different purposes, audiences, and contexts.Rules, conventions of language, help readers understand what is being communicated. A writer selects a form based on audience and purpose. Unit Learning Targets The students forget . Read developmentally appropriate materials such as essays, articles, and speeches Understand literary heritage/movements as part of global tradition Analyze how arks reflect historical/ favorable events and conditions Evaluate appropriateness of diction and figurative language Distinguish essential/nonessential information denounce fact vs.. Pinion Read and follow technical and instructional manuals Critique public documents Use color to evaluate wr iting of self/others Reflect on writing set goals for improvement Critique publish works for authenticity and credibility Write compelling openings and strong conclusions Use most effective writing format/strategy for purpose and audience Use variety of organizational strategiesDemonstrate effective delivery strategies Make impromptu revisions based on audience feedback Use rubric to improve presentations Demonstrate appropriate listener response Identify propaganda and argument Evidence of Learning Summation Assessment (One day) Types of Nonfiction Essays Articles Speeches Business Letter Editorial Formative Assessments Thinking About The Selection Questions teacher Observation of Whole Group and shrimpy Group Discussion Response to Graphic Organizers Equipment Needed Overhead Projector Overhead Transparencies of Graphic Organizers Chalkboard teacher ResourcesNinth Grade New Jersey Penguin Edition, Prentice Hall Literature, 2007 Supplemental Lesson Plans Lesson Timeshare Lesson 1 Introducing Essays, Articles, and Speeches instructor go away introduce the definitions of essays, articles, and speeches and emphasize that the writer contributes more than information to nonfiction, but also contributes style, tone, perspective, and purpose through the writing. instructor will explain differences among narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and reflective essays. Students will read an essay and identify the authors tone and purpose. One periodLesson 2 Main Idea and Supporting Details Teacher will introduce and model reading skill of finding main idea and supporting details in an essay. Students will read an essay and convey out an anticipation top to perform a literary analysis of the authors style. Teacher will guide students in recognition of authors style as being formed through the diction, syntax, and tone of the writing. Two periods Lesson 3 Literary Analysis the Expository Essay Teacher will guide students in recognizing an expository essay a s a short piece of nonfiction that presents information, discusses ideas, or explains a process.Students should identify the writers technique of providing support as either description, comparison and contrast, or cause and effect. Teacher will guide students in reading an expository essay and ask guided reading questions to assist students in identifying main idea and supporting details. Teacher will guide students through reading a technical document and applying skill of identifying main idea and details to reading informational materials. Students will fill in a graphic organizer to identify information learned through diagrams, headings, labels, and other visual features.Two class periods Lesson 5 Biographical Writing Teacher will introduce biographical writing as a form of nonfiction in which a writer tells the life story of another person using factual information and interpreting these pieces of information. Teacher will guide students through reading of an excerpt from A L incoln Preface by Carl Sandburg. Teacher will guide students in a discussion of what makes a great leader and students will analyze details from Lincoln life that fit the definition of a great leader.One class period Lesson 6 Writing a Business Letter Teacher will guide students in defining a vexation letter as a piece of resplendence that is written in the course of conducting business or professional matters. Teacher will emphasize qualities of a business letter including clarity, directness, courteousness, and format. Students will identify six parts of a business letter to include heading, inside address, greeting, body, closing, and signature. Students will read and analyze a sample business letter for these qualities.Lesson 7 Writing a Business Letter Students will brainstorm a list of purposes for writing a business letter and select an appropriate purpose for their own letter. Students will begin outlining contents of heir letter. Students will research address of company t o which they will be writing and consider audience for their letter. Begin first draft of letter. Lesson 8 Writing a Business Letter Students will finish first draft of their business letter and exchange letter with a peer to proofread and edit.Peers will provide feedback on strengths and weaknesses of letter for revision purposes. Lesson 9 Writing a Business Letter Students will use feedback form to revise letter and write a final draft. Lesson 10 Persuasive Essay convince a reader to think or act in a particular way. Teacher will emphasize that the persuasive essay usually includes appeals to reason and/or appeals to emotion. Teacher will guide students through reading a persuasive essay and assist them in identifying the authors motive and line of reasoning.Lesson 1 1 Persuasive Essay Students will read a persuasive essay independently and analyze passages as appealing to reason or emotion by creating a graphic organizer. Students will compare findings in small group and then sha re thoughts as a whole class. Lesson 12 Persuasive Speech Teachers will guide students in identifying a persuasive speech as one that tries o convince listeners to think or act in a certain way. Teacher will assist students in recognizing rhetorical devices including parallelism, restatement, repetition, and analogy.Teachers will guide students through reading and listening to Martin Luther King, Jar. s l Have a Dream speech. Lesson 13 Persuasive Speech Students will identify examples of restatement, repetition, parallelism, and analogy in Martin Luther King, Jar. s l Have a Dream speech by filling out a graphic organizer. Lesson 14 Persuasive Speech Students will apply skills they hold up learned for listening to authors purpose and heterocyclic devices in persuasive speech to Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address. Lesson 1 5 Humorous Essay Teacher will guide students in recognizing a humorous essay as a form of nonfiction writing intended to make the reader laugh. Tea cher will emphasize the humorous writers use of hyperbole, understatement, and comic diction as effective techniques. Teacher will guide students in reading of The Talk by Gary Sotto. Lesson 16 Humorous Essay Students will apply skills they have learned for reading a humorous essay to organizer with samples of hyperbole, understatement, and comic diction found in say and share findings as a whole class.Lesson 17 Writing to Persuade The Editorial Students will read sample editorials and recognize the format as one decisive and public way to take a stand on an issue. Students will brainstorm a list of issues that confront the school or community about which they may choose to write. Lesson 18 Planning an Editorial Students will plan an strategy for their editorial to include a clear thesis statement, evidence that supports their argument and anticipates the readers counterarguments, effective organization, and persuasive language. Students will egging first drafts of editorials.Lesso n 19 Writing an Editorial Students will write first draft of editorial with focus on solid thesis statement and gathering evidence to support it, including information that contradicts or opposes position so they may acknowledge and overcome opposing viewpoints. Editorial should include both appeals to logic and emotion. Lesson 20 Editing and Proofreading Persuasive Writing Students will exchange rough drafts of editorials with peers and offer comments on strengths and weaknesses on feedback form. chance upon with teacher in a writing conference to receive additional input on writing.Lesson 21 Publishing and Presenting Editorials Students will use feedback from peers and teacher to create final draft of editorials. Students will submit editorials to newspaper or post on a website. Teacher Notes Lessons will be developed to address learning needs of students as reflected in NJ ASK scores. Teacher discretion should be used to provide appropriate differentiation of activities based on variety of learning styles and needs of individual students in the classroom. programme Development Resources (Click the links below to access additional resources used to design this unit)

Lushoto

Lushoto Helen Kejo Form 1 m 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS TAFORI-pg 3-5 Sakarani Vine yard-pg 6 Irente Biodiversity view aspg 7-8 Irente Biodiversity restrains History pg 9-10 Irente childrens home pg 11-12 Irente School for the ruse pg 13-14 Hiking Mount Usambara pg 15-19 The experience- pg 20 In town 21-23 Soni w takerfall24-25 TAFORI Lushoto Silviculture research Centre (LSRC)The Centre is in Lushoto District, Tanga Region. It carries out forestry investigate in four departments namely set Plantation Management and Agro forestry, Forest Ecology, Forest Genetics and Forest Protection. Forest Plantation Management and Agro forestry is responsible for conducting research related to plantation forestry and agro forestry. Forest Ecology mainly deals with research in Bot both, Herbarium and Natural Forests. The forest Forest Genetics has two sections namely Seed and Nursery and shoe corner elevation.Seed and Nursery section is responsible for seed establishment of trials (species and p rovenances selection), collection, extraction, storage, and distribution and rising of seedlings while Tree Breeding is responsible for trials maintenance, data collection and evaluation of trials. Forest protection deals with research and consultancies on Entomology, Pathology and Fire Protection. left hand A forest in Lushoto. Right Tree breeding. The Centre withal has naturalized a background knowledge publishing unit with the objective of providing serve wells related to typesetting, printing, and binding of documents.The unit provides services to TAFORI itself, Government institutions and opposite private institutions including individuals. TAFORIS HISTORY TAFORI- Tanzania Forest Institute. TAFORI started by the Germans in 1902. A number of observational plots established at that time back tooth be seen to solar day. In 1928, the British renamed the Amani Research Station to the East African Agricultural Research Station. In 1948 the Amani station was moved to Muguga K enya, to turn the East African Agricultural and Forestry Research Organization (EAAFRO).The organization catered for research activities common to the three partner states. Research problems unique to the individual countries were accompanied to a national basis. This led to the establishment of the Silvicultural Research Station in Lushoto in 1951 and the Timber enjoyment Research Station in Moshi at the same time. Following the collapse of the East African confederation in February 1977, an immediate need to fill the vacuum became the app arnt, as the two stations established in the early 1950s were not well placed to act in EEAFROs stand. Sakarani VineyardTropical vineyard This one-acre vineyard is part of the St. Benedicts Religious House Sakarani near Soni in the Usambara Mountains in northern Tanzania. Its one of very a couple of(prenominal) tropical vineyards at approximately 5 degrees south. Problems with increase wine grapes in the tropics include to a fault short da ys and an unfavorable climate overall (too hot). This being in the mountains, at least the enkindle hurdle is partially overcome. They grow Chenin Blanc, which is the most commonly used white grape in reciprocal ohm Africa, as well as a hybrid grape variety for their port.They plant grapes present and later on the grapes are used for wine. They make both sweet and white wine. Irente Biodiversity keep back Irente Biodiversity concord is a nature military reserve with a difference. Owned and managed by North-easterly Diocese of the Lutheran church building in Tanzania, it incorporates both environmental conservation and sustainable organic agriculture. The Usambaras are one of Conservation Internationals World Biodiversity Hotspots that is, they are recognized as an area with exceptional diversity of species.T present(predicate) is a project here to restore this biodiversity by replanting trees, shrubs and climbers native to the Western Usambaras. This in turn will attract to a greater extent birds, butterflies, reptiles and gloomy mammals. MORE INFORMATION Irente Biodiversity Reserve (former Irente Farm) is situated in the western Usambara Mountains, 5 km from Lushoto. It be desires to the north-eastern diocese of the Lutheran church in Tanzania. On the property in that respect is an orphanage (Irente childrens home), a school for the art (Irente school for the blind), and Rainbow school (a school for mentally retarded and autistic children). The farm is 200 ha with plantations of pines, eucalyptus, make and silver oak, interspersed with pastures and plots of maize and beans. There is a dairy herd, which supplies take out to a small-scale cheese, butter and quark production. Goat cheese is in any(prenominal) case produced. In addition rye bread, an assortment of jams and juices bring an income. The farm has a policy of biodiversity restoration that is to replant the rainforest that erstwhile existed here. The climate is mild since the farm l ies at 1400 m with a rainfall between 1000 and 1200 mm. The Irente view lodge with a view over the Maasai Steppe is only 2 km away. The foods produced at Irente Biodiversity Reserve IRENTE BIODIVERSITY RESERVES HISTORY The origin of the name Irente is obscure. Irente was one of the experimental c falseee estates established in 1896 by the German colonial government? s plantation community (Deutsche-Ostafrikanische Plantagengeschellschaft). Other estates established in the same year were Gare, Maweni, Sakharani, and Mazumbai. The aim was to test coffee as a crop, but due(p) to soil infertility, coffee as a plantation crop was abandoned by 1914.The Germans lost the colony to the British in 1918, and it was probably after this that Irente coffee estate came into the hands of a Greek farmer, Mr. W. J. Tame. By all accounts Mr Tame was a diligent farmer he had 60 state of coffee trees, a bacon factory and a dairy producing cream. With the coming of independence for Tanganyika in 1961 Mr. Tame swop up to the DKMS (Lutheran church service) for ? 25,000. The Lutheran church of Tanganyika converted the bacon factory into the Irente Mental Hospital and these patients worked on the farm in order to produce food in support of the hospital.Over the years different managers developed the farming infrastructure, and milk production started with the introduction of Fresian-type cows. However, farming never really showed a consistent profit, the excuse being drought or too much rain, diseases of crops and cattle, and low prices for produce. In 2004 all foreign assistance to Irente was stopped, but the reserve (as it is now called) had found its niche relying on four pillars Nature based tourism Food affect Biodiversity protection Farming The cows at Irente Farm they are used for dairy products.The enterprise has fetch to a greater extent profit-oriented and conservation-centred, as it is indeed an income generating enterprise of the North Eastern Diocese of the E vangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania (Ned ELCT). On the property there are now 3 institutions, Irente School for the Blind, Irente Children? s home, Rainbow school and Irente church. Irente Biodiversity Reserve seeks to integrate conservation, production and rural development by a mix of activities, taking into account the greatness of both batch and biodiversity. AREA 200 hectaresHEIGHT 1450 metres above sea level RAINFALL 800 to 1280 millimetres (average 1060mm) TEMPERATURES minimum 10 degrees (July- August) maximum 30 degrees (January-February) Irente Childrens Home Irente Childrens Home (hereafter abbreviated ICH) is an orphanage that has been operating for more than four decades in north eastern Tanzania. The orphanage is perish by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania North-Eastern Diocese (hereafter abbreviated ELCT-NED). ICH is one among nine institutions with a social service orientation run by the ELCT-NED.The diocese is acknowledged for having a long tradition of diaconic work, both in institutional form and in congregations. The first photo shows where the children live. The last photo shows one of the children. Other institutions with a social service orientation include Irente School for the Blind, Kwemhafa and Hekalungu homes for Lepers, Bangala Lutheran Junior Seminary, Lwandai Secondary School, Bumbuli Hospital, Lutindi Mental Hospital and Agricultural facts of life at Irente Farm. Moreover, s tear down parishes within the diocese are running dispensaries. ICH has the capacity of receiving 35 children.They live in a u-shaped building where they are divided in 4 rooms according to age. Other throng living at ICH are girls who attend a 2-year pre-nursing course. The ICH staff consists of nurses, nurse attendants, a cook, a wash man, gardeners, watchmen, a secretary, an accountant and a driver. Often there are girls from abroad (mostly Germany) who stay at the ICH for just about 3 months and work as volunteers. IRENTE SCHOOL FOR TH E BLIND When someone comes in contact with a blind person, many thoughts run by their head as to how blind great deal get their daily lives. You efficacy be wondering, how that can be true.But the answer to that is that through blindness, people have come to the realization that even though physical eyes dont see, one can still see with eyes of his/her heart. When it comes to the challenges and struggles of being blind, there have been many, but one way or another they have been able to overcome them. in all through primary school years people assumed that being blind would hinder from acquire a good education, much less going to the Universities. Irente School for the Blind There is a growing awareness among communities that the education which blind children are receiving is helping them.They are receiving a quality education which can prepare them to compete in the high demanding techno-economy and society of the 21st Century. Children demonstrate their skills North Eastern Diocese- ELCT through Irente School for the Blind insures that blind children have the opportunity to become capable in the alternative techniques deal with blindness they should develop constructive attitudes, and be given a quality education. Through efforts undertaken there are some problems which we wished to address as follows to compete successfully.Irente School for the Blind needs, Renovation of Dormitories and Staff houses, cultivation of 10 acres out of the 50 for food crops, computers installed with dolphin pin, Academic books and teaching aids, Boys Dormitory and Secondary for comprehensive education from class 1 to class 4. Finally, we were all too aware of the appalling failure of the instructor training programs to sufficiently prepare their students to teach blind children even more important in preparing student teachers to work with blind children in the classroom.However availability of quality field placements for students in training is a sincerely serious problem but now Sebastian Kolowa University College (SEKUCo) has such training is available. It will not fate these students to go into the classroom and deliver the same miserable educational services that blind children where receiving. HIKING. Mount Usambara The Usambara Mountains are a mountain range in North-East Tanzania, approximately 70 miles (110km) long and ranging from 20 to 40 miles (64km) in width.Mountains in the range rise as high as 8,000ft (2,440 m). They are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, which stretch from Kenya through Tanzania, and are one of the worlds Biodiversity hotspots. The range is accessible from the towns of Lushoto in the West, and Amani in the East. The Usambaras are commonly split into two sub-ranges, the West Usambara and the East Usambara. The East Usambara is closer to the coast, receives more rainfall, and is significantly smaller than the West Usambara.The Usambaras Geology and ecology The Usambaras are fairly unique in that, being in East Africa, their unspoiled regions are covered in the tropical forest, which today remains mainly in the West of the continent. The mountain range was formed nearly two billion years ago and due to a lack of glaciations and a relatively consistent climate, the rainforest has gone through a long term and unique evolution resulting in an impressive amount of endemism and an old growth debauch rain forest (Lovett 19931).West and East Usambaras are large ranges of Precambrian metamorphic geologic formations of acid-gneisses, pyroxenes and amphiboles. These mountains were formed by faulting and elate creating the drainage system of troughs that form many watersheds, which provide water to a majority of the population of northeast Tanzania (Lundgren 1980). Considered tremendously significant ecologically, there are many protected zones throughout the range, which are being spread out and contributed to by the Tanzanian government, associated NGOs and research teams, and donor countries su ch as Norway.Several species are endemic to the Usambara forests, including the Usambara Eagle-owl, the Usambara Akalat, the Usambara Weaver and the tree Calodendrum eickii. Human history Historically the Usambara Mountains have been inhabited by the Bantu, Sambaa, and Maasai people who were a mix of agriculturalists and pastoralists. In the late 18th century, German colonialists came to the area bringing with them a mix of cash crops like timberland trees, coffee, tea, and quinine, and also designated forests as reserves for either water conservation or timber use (Rogers 2009).They also brought a slew of new, western ideas which were, in many ways, diametrically opposed to traditional beliefs such as coexistence with the forest versus forest as a separate wilderness. The result of colonialism was a massive change in the way forests were perceived in the community, and conversion of traditional agriculture to cultivating cash crops such as quinine, pine trees, bananas, maize, tea, and coffee. The people in Lushoto Development and tourism Today, the population of the Usambaras has one of the highest growth rates (about 4% compared to the national average of 2. %), a staggering amount of poverty and highest densities of people in all of Tanzania. close of the inhabitants are subsistence farmers who rely heavily on the forests close to them for timber, medicinal plants, clearing for agriculture, and fuel wood. Furthermore 70% of the original forests cover of the West and East Usambaras has been lost. Major land and forest degradation remain a pressing issue. However, there are still many places that attract tourists looking for an adventure off the beaten(a) path.These include the bustling trade town of Lushoto, the once popular German resort Amani Nature Reserve and farm, and Mazumbai University Forest, which is considered the last example of a pristine forest in the East Usambaras. The experience To say the fair play most of were tired on the first few min utes because the hill was steep. I was one of the people in the front but found myself one of the last ones to reach the peak. It was a long crack and very tiring. We stopped like three times to take a rest and we were stopped once by these scary people.They said that they told Fredericka and her other friends but they wouldnt stop and also something about scaring monkeys off. subsequently the mess was cleared, continued with our walk. We took pictures when we reached our last checkpoint. We finally reached the peak. Some of us engraved our names on the hutchs floor. I wrote Helen was here The walk down was longer than the walk up, which is not supposed to happen. We walked around the mountain and when we finally reached our destination, we found out that we walked to the football pitch where we played football a day ago.We were exhausted Bhoke, Ms. Sandra, Marco and Nancy were the last ones to reach the football pitch. IN TOWN After the hike, we dropped of the boys at the place they were staying (Tumaini) and we girls were dropped off at our hotel (Lawns). We cleaned because we were all so sweaty Later the bus came with the guys in it and we headed for town. We were going to interview local people about their jobs and what profit they get. Lushoto town When we were in town, we paired ourselves into groups that didnt exceed three people.I paired myself with Amanda since she negotiation a lot and she was perfect material for interviewing people We first interviewed a middle aged womanhood with a baby who was selling charcoal gray. She did not look like she was in good state. It was raining and the charcoal was getting wet since its not good for charcoal to be wet not any customers wear buying her product. I could see that she had influenza. I asked her how she got it and she said, Mkaa unatimua vumbi tukiwa tunachota. Meaning Charcoal dust rises when being drawn. She also told as that she only makes 500 tz shillings in a day, which isnt enough to support her family. She has five children and no husband. We then proceeded and went to a salon that up a hill. The ladies in there, at first didnt indispensability to give us information but when we introduced ourselves she felt more secure. I didnt really olfactory perception sorry for her because she make 100,000 tz shillings, which was enough since she had no family to support. After that Amanda, Cynthia, Tracey and I became a group. We went to interview bartenders. They went making any money at all since there has been no customer since they opened.We then went to a bar and met up with four bartenders. We interviewed them and they said that there has not been a customer since morning and they have not made any money. After six interviews we called it a day and went back to our hotels. The lawns hotel SONI FALLS The Soni Falls is a falls in the Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania, near the village of Soni, to the northeast of Kitunda. The falls lie at the end of the Mkuzu Riv er where it joins the Bangala River. The falls lie in the southern part of the West Usambaras Lushoto Mountain Reserve.Soni falls is a beautiful and tranquillise place. I enjoyed sitting on the rocks and watching the water pour. Some of the rocks were slippery and at a point Asymwe was stuck because she was scared to move due to the slipperiness of the rocks. We also took pictures here and we even drew the waterfall. It was a bewitching way to end the trip but kind of sad because we will never be here again as a class. The boys were dropped off at Tumaini Hostel and we went to Lawns. It was our last day in Lushoto and we partied We ate and drunk and danced and laughed We had so much fun. BYE -BYE LUSHOTO