Henry IV free essay sample

A discussion of the traits of courage and justice in two important characters in this Shakespearean play. This paper examines courage and justice as seen in Shakespeares play Henry IV Part I. An analysis of the story reveals Shakespeares views of the virtues of kings through his comparison of the characters of King Henry IV and his son Prince Hal. Examples from the text are provided to compare and contrast these character traits in the two characters. Henry IV Part 1 is one of the greatest history plays by Shakespeare because it doesnt focus on the intricacies of politics but tries to highlight the essential virtues of a king in the making. It is important to study this play as a prelude to its subsequent parts because here we encounter all the important characters and playwright offers us a rare insight into the characters of both the King Henry IV and his son. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry IV or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While it is easy to read the play like any other history plays with battles and political treachery dominating the entire plot, but I personally believe that this play was written to comment on what should be the essential traits present in the future king of England. Shakespeare also invites his readers to compare the character of son with that of his fathers who was known as a usurper because he snatched power from Richard II. Henry IV free essay sample # 8211 ; Henry # 8217 ; s Personality Essay, Research Paper From the gap phases of Henry IV, the feeling of Hal is non a good 1. His male parent, King Henry, makes mention to him in the first scene and compares him to Hotspur, who, in the male monarch # 180 ; s eyes, is much more worthy of the throne of England: # 8220 ; O, that it could be prov # 180 ; vitamin D That some night-tripping faery had exchang # 180 ; vitamin D In cradle-clothes our kids where they lay # 8230 ; . # 8230 ; ..Then I would hold his Harry, and he mine # 8221 ; This leaves the audience with a negative position of Hal, who we have non yet been able to run into. When we do, in Act 1, Scene 2, he is with Falstaff, and they are engaged in light raillery. Falstaff suggests the robbery in Gadshill, which Hal declines to take portion in. # 8220 ; Who, I rob? I a stealer? Not I, by my faith. # 8221 ; This refusal to take portion in the robbery gives the feeling that Hal is non every bit exuberant as the work forces he socialises with. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry IV or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Hal agrees to take portion in another robbery, in which Falstaff, holding merely robbed the travelers himself, will be robbed by Hal and Poins. The fact that he refuses to take portion in a serious robbery, but so accepts the offer of robbing Falstaff suggests that he is more the merchandise of high liquors than of true maliciousness. At the terminal of this scene comes one of the most of import addresss in the full drama. Hal speaks his monologue in poetry, which is a contrast to the light conversation in prose earlier in the scene. The poetry makes him look more of a Lord, and is more fitting to the Prince of Wales. He knows that his comrades are unsuitable for a prince, and that his behavior has attracted serious unfavorable judgment. However: # 8220 ; # 8230 ; herein will I copy the Sun, Who doth permit the base contagious clouds To surround up his beauty from the universe, # 8221 ; This is non the most endearing of addresss. We have merely met Hal # 180 ; s friends and seen how Hal Acts of the Apostless with them, yet here he is be aftering how he will # 8220 ; throw off # 8221 ; # 8220 ; this loose behavior # 8221 ; . He makes no mention to how he feels this would impact the people he is close to, and he appears merely to draw a bead on to his # 8220 ; reformation, glitt # 180 ; pealing O # 180 ; er my mistake # 8221 ; . This seems peculiarly indurate behavior, particularly as we are now privy to the torment that Hal causes his male parent. However, this address can be seen in another visible radiation. Hal is traveling to go King one twenty-four hours, and this seems to be something he has no scruple about, and something he accepts. He has non let anyone hold any outlooks about him, so when he does execute this # 8220 ; reformation # 8221 ; it will really look more particular. He is besides really perceptive and astute about people # 180 ; s sentiments # 8211 ; # 8220 ; glitt # 180 ; pealing O # 180 ; er my mistake # 8221 ; # 8211 ; they will likely hold a batch more regard for him, and will likely bury, or attach less import, to his old defects, if he manages to do a marvelous recovery from the life of wickedness. More people will be impressed by him than if he had led a quiet life # 8211 ; # 8220 ; [ My reformation ] Shall show more goodly, and pull more eyes Than that which hath no foil to put it off # 8221 ; Some of this address seems rather unprepared and self-generated # 8211 ; it seems right that this would be something that Hal would hold given a batch of idea. He uses a figure of metaphors # 8211 ; each better than the old, which gives the feeling of speech production as he thinks, which does non look to portend good. How good has he thought this program out? This address though, is wholly honorable # 8211 ; you get no feeling of hocus-pocus, or misrepresentation in Hal # 180 ; s linguistic communication. He is cognizant of his imperfectnesss, and programs to make something about them. The thought that Hal is wholly cognizant of his hereafter duties, and is fixing for them is farther underlined in Act 2 Scene 4. Hal has spent a piece in the company of some shortss. He says # 8220 ; I have sounded the really base-string of humbleness # 8221 ; . All of these shortss have sworn commitment to Hal, and he # 8220 ; # 8230 ; shall command all the good chaps in Eastcheap. # 8221 ; Although Hal is rather belittling about these # 8220 ; good chaps # 8221 ; , when he is King of England he will be trusting upon # 8220 ; the base-string # 8221 ; of his people to maintain him in power. He knows that the most successful male monarchs are those that are popular amongst the peasantry of their state, and he prepares himself for this well, by doing himself popular amongst his people. The feeling that Hal truly has made a declaration to make something about the manner he behaves becomes more obvious in Act 2 Scene 4. Hal has merely been summoned to see his male parent, and Hal and Falstaff are foretelling the interview and copying it. Falstaff is Hal, and Hal the king # 8211 ; the # 8220 ; king # 8221 ; is showing his positions about Hal # 180 ; s friends, and proposing that he ostracize them. Falstaff replies with: # 8220 ; # 8230 ; ostracize him non thy Harry # 180 ; s company. Banish plump Jack, and ostracize all the world. # 8221 ; The # 8220 ; king # 8221 ; answers, # 8220 ; I do, I will # 8221 ; . T his alteration of tense is really revealing. You sense that the conversation between Falstaff and Hal has easy gone from jocular to serious over it?s class, and this concluding stoping sounds like it is Hal, non his male parent speaking. The â€Å"I will† is determined, and it is felt that nil could alter Hal?s head. At this point the Hostess, Francis and Bardolph enter, and Falstaff exclaims: # 8220 ; Out, ye knave! Play out the drama! I have much to state in behalf of that Falstaff. # 8221 ; Falstaff makes one last attempt to reason his instance, likely feeling that this is something that is really of import to his hereafter relationship with Hal, but the chance passes. Subsequently, in Act 2 Scene 4, the sheriff comes looking for Falstaff, in connexion with the robbery at Gadshill. Hal hides Falstaff and diverts the Sheriff. This action is the action of a good friend # 8211 ; if Hal was so determined to acquire rid of Falstaff, and had no fondness for him, he would hold surrendered Falstaff up to the jurisprudence. However, he doesn # 180 ; T. Hal further shows his fondness for Falstaff during the war scenes. He gives Falstaff # 8220 ; charge of pes # 8221 ; . He is seting his trust in Falstaff to make the right thing, as a good friend, but Falstaff fails him, seting out a seedy clump of felons and the aged as # 8220 ; nutrient for pulverization # 8221 ; . Later on, when Hal asks Falstaff to impart him a handgun, but finds a bottle of poke in the holster he exclaims, # 8220 ; What, is it a clip to joke and dally now? # 8221 ; # 8211 ; the relationship between Hal and Falstaff has now changed. Hal has realised his duty, and is now doing ammends for his old behavior. Falstaff, though, is still acting merely the same manner as he would if he were in a tavern # 8211 ; he doesn # 180 ; Ts realise the earnestness of the state of affairs. Hal is disgusted, and issues from his company. In Act 3 Scene 2, the male monarch confronts Hal with his actions. Throughout the male monarch # 180 ; s address, Hal gives merely three responses. The first is one that you expect he has given many times before # 8211 ; the standard admittance of guilt that you suspect he will non make anything about. The 2nd is short and decidedly more heart-felt: # 8220 ; I shall hereinafter, my thrice gracious Godhead, Be more myself. # 8221 ; This contains much more respect than the old reply, and you begin to detect that he is going cognizant of the hurting he causes his male parent. The male monarch so goes on to impeach Hal of siding with the male monarch # 180 ; s enemies to contend against him: # 8220 ; To contend against me under Percy # 180 ; s wage, To chase his heels, and curtsey at his scowls, To demo how much thou art degenerate. # 8221 ; This shocks Hal into replying, and when he does, he begs the male monarch # 180 ; s forgiveness: # 8220 ; I do bid your Majesty may salvage The long adult lesions of my intemperance # 8221 ; Hal truly does intend this, and the sense that he truly was utterly ignorant of the torment he was doing is about overmastering. Hal shows himself to be honorable # 8211 ; he swears upon his life that he will deliver himself, in the male monarch # 180 ; s eyes, # 8220 ; on Percy # 180 ; s caput # 8221 ; . In Act 5 Scene 4, Douglas and the King are duelling, but the male monarch is losing. Hal enters, battles Douglas and beats him. Had Hal been dishonorable, and wanted his male parent to decease, he would hold left the King to be beaten by Douglas and # 8220 ; # 8230 ; sav # 180 ; d the unreliable labor of your son. # 8221 ; The male monarch leaves, and Hotspur enters, and Hal and him fight. The battle is a really honorable one # 8211 ; they do non diss one another, and when Hal kills Hotspur, he seems truly upset: # 8220 ; Fare thee good, great bosom! # 8221 ; . Hal does non exhibit around, lapping up the glorification of holding killed Hotspur, but lets Falstaff take the congratulations he claims. When Hal sees Falstaff # 8220 ; dead # 8221 ; on the floor, he says: # 8220 ; O, I should hold a heavy girl of thee If I were much in love with amour propre! # 8221 ; This is the first admittance we hear from Hal that the frivolousness he enjoyed with Falstaff holds no more attractive force for him, and he has genuinely changed from his old ways. Finally, at the very terminal of the drama, Hal does one of the most honorable things possible. He sets Douglas free, stating: # 8220 ; His heroism # 8230 ; Have taught us how to care for high workss, Even in the bosom of our antagonists # 8221 ; . The fact that he lets Douglas travel free is a much more honorable, and respectable, thing to make, than killing him, as it shows that he is capable of forgiveness, which is a difficult thing to accomplish than retaliation. From this grounds, I have come to the decision that there is human heat in the Prince. From the start, he was acting like a immature adult male with a lecherousness for life, who enjoyed merriment, and was unconsciously doing those around him pain. He was misguided in some of the things he did, but his strength of character won him through in the terminal, when he behaved honorably towards his male parent and his ain fate.

Mixing Regular and Synthetic Motor Oils

Mixing Regular and Synthetic Motor Oils Heres a practical chemistry question for you: Do you know what happens if you mix regular and synthetic motor oil? Lets say the mechanic put synthetic oil in your car when you got your oil changed. You stop at a gas station and see you are running about a quart low, but all you can get is regular motor oil. Is it alright to use the regular oil or will you risk harming your engine by doing so? Mixing Motor Oil According to Mobil Oil, it should be fine to mix oils. This manufacturer states it would be unlikely anything bad would happen, such as a gel-forming from an interaction of the chemicals (a common fear), because the oils are compatible with each other. Many oils are a blend of natural and synthetic oils. So, if you are low on oil, dont be afraid to add a quart or two of synthetic oil if you are using regular oil or even regular oil if you are using a synthetic. You dont need to rush right out and get an oil change so youll have pure oil. Possible Negative Effects It is not recommended to routinely mix oils because the additives in different products may interact or the oils may become destabilized by the mixture. You may reduce or negate the properties of the additives. You could lose the benefits of the more expensive synthetic oil. So, adding regular oil to your special synthetic oil will mean youll need to get your oil changed sooner than you would have otherwise. If you have a high-performance engine, its possible it will be displeased if the (expensive) additives cant work the way they are supposed to. This may not damage your engine, but it wont help its performance. The Difference Between Regular and Synthetic Oil Both conventional and synthetic motor oils are derived from petroleum, but they can be very different products. Conventional oil is refined from crude oil. It circulates through the engine to keep it cool and prevent wear by acting as a lubricant. It helps prevent corrosion, keeps surfaces clean, and seals the engine. Synthetic oil serves the same purpose, but its tailored for higher temperature and pressure. Synthetic oil is also refined, but then its distilled and purified so that it contains fewer impurities and a smaller, select set of molecules. Synthetic oil also contains additives intended to help keep an engine cleaner and protect it from damage. The main difference between regular and synthetic oil is the temperature at which it undergoes thermal degradation. In a high-performance engine, regular oil is more apt to pick up deposits and form sludge. Cars that run hot do better with synthetic oil. For most automobiles, the only real difference youll see is that synthetic costs more initially but lasts longer between oil changes.

Library and Information Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Library and Information Science - Assignment Example Markey notes that the descriptive cataloguing that had received a lot of attention than it deserved was not justifiable and observed that challenges were expected with the era of mass digitization and Google. The online library catalogues were perceived as being unreliable and not containing the resources that many scholars required (Markey, 2007). The efficiency with which people found information in Google made online library cataloguing less preferable. Markey recommends that rooted cataloguers had to dedicate more time to subject analysis, authority control, resource evaluation and identification. Instead of cataloguing the mass produced formats like books, the article notes that there was a need to shift toward cataloguing the unique primary sources like archives and teaching objects. Markey recommends the need to embrace the Post-Boolean probabilistic searching, subject cataloguing, and expansion with qualification metadata (Markey, 2007). The author also suggests the resolution the full-text retrieval problem to redesign the online library catalogue. The Arlington Heights Memorial Library that was visited by far lags below the recommendations of Markey. Although there is what one can call metadata, there is not available in the library any cataloguing by subject, no post-Boolean probabilistic searching embraced and there lack the primary sources in the library.

Financial plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial plan - Essay Example During this time, a majority of the students on campus leaves and return to their homes and if they have a pet, they must either take it home with them where it might not be allowed, or they have to find a boarder, which is where we come in. We will be offering not only students, but also all members of the Bloomington community, the ability board their animals for extended periods for a fee. Some of the major sources of revenue to the Hoosier Pet Palace include pet grooming and boarding, breeding, and handling. On the other hand, the expenses are in the form of food for dogs, veterinary services, wages, electricity, interest on loan and others. Situational Review Hoosier Pet Palace is a unique entity, being the first to incorporate both pet care service and waste food recycling, Hoosier Pet Palace has a great potential for growth and limited competition in Bloomington, Indiana. There are two major pet care service providers in Bloomington: Canine Companions and The Dog House. Canine Companions was established in 1993 that distinguish themselves from others as â€Å"the only complete full-service one-stop pet care facility in the Bloomington area.† Not only do they provide daycare, they also provide boarding programs, medical treatments, training, exercise options, and grooming services. The Dog House, established in 2005, prides themselves as â€Å"Bloomington’s first and only cage-free boarding and doggy daycare facility.† Both of them have been in Bloomington for years and have established a customer base, which would compete directly with Hoosier Pet Palace. However, unlike Hoosier Pet Palace, they only provide caring services for dogs. Not only would Hoosier Pet Palace provide our service to owners of dogs, we would also provide our service to owners of cats, rabbits, birds, and more. Sources of Start-up Funding Hoosier Pet Palace needs approximately $185,000 for start-up and is in the process of going to banks and different loan agenc ies to borrow sufficient starting capital to acquire all necessary property, materials, and resources. We will be presenting our business plan to different loan agencies hoping for investment. We believe that our business will be successful because of the need that we will be satisfying. Our target market is in abundance in the Bloomington area, so we see a direct need to have an animal boarding facility available to them. Another reason we believe our business will be successful is because of the â€Å"green† initiative that we will be basing our company off. This will appeal to not only the students of the community but also the environmental friendly activists in the community. Strategy for Paying the Loan The bank loan is the largest expense the Hosier Pet Palace will incur throughout the first three years of operation. The business believes it will be successful in its activities and generate enough revenue to continue the business and pay the loan. This is justified by the fact that the target market is abundant in the area and there is need for an animal boarding facility. In addition, the college students have many pets that need services that will be offered by Hoosier Pet Palace. Operational Expenses during start-up Period Hoosier Pet Palace needs approximately $185,000 for starting up the business. This money will go into paying start-up expenses shown in the table below and acquiring the list of equipment for pet care.

The Abortion Debate Essay Example for Free

The Abortion Debate Essay The history of the abortion debate has continued for decades. In today’s society the topic is very demanding and controversial. Prolifer’s as the name proceeds, frame the debate as the right to life for the baby. Individuals who are for Pro-choice may or may not address whether the fetus is in fact a life, and frame the debate in terms of woman having the right to choose what’s best for their bodies without worrying about the government getting involved. In the following paper I will illustrate and discuss the following questions. 1.My personal opinion on the debate 2.The impact of the infamous Roe vs. Wade case 3.A firsthand view of the after effects for those who choose abortion. Abortion is defined as the Termination of pregnancy, and expulsion of an embryo or of a fetus that is incapable of survival. Abortion challenges a variety of external and moral issues. Much of the debate over abortion tends to place emphasis on the issue of rights – specifically whether a woman’s rights to an abortion outweigh a fetus’s rights to life. Whether she is pro-life or pro-choice both sides rely heavily on legal, scientific, and human right arguments to support their arguments. Growing up I was against abortion. I completely condemned it, when you live in a two –parent church going home the Ten Commandments seem to become apart of your everyday life. I would soon find out that judging individuals for the choices they make would come back to hunt me. It is necessary for you to look at the pros and con’s of both a pro-lifer’s stand point and a pro- choicer’s stand point. It has been a proven fact that while, most individuals that oppose abortion, they would do very differently if put in an uncompromising situation. For example let’s take the individuals who stand in front of abortion clinics and rant about the individuals going into the clinics. While taking a journalism class in my last year of high school, my assignment was to get the viewpoint of someone who opposed abortion and why. I traveled to Gainesville, Fla and was blessed to get the chance to speak to Amanda Givens. Amanda was an activist for an organization that’s mission was to deter individuals from having abortions. Amanda was very strong minded on the opinion and during the interview she would take the time to chant out things such as â€Å" Murder† â€Å" Low Life† and the infamous â€Å" Your going to burn in hell â€Å" quote. As I took in a deep breath Amanda advised me that life began at conception and these individuals were cold hearted murders, she even asked me to take pictures of them in which I refused due to the privacy. Although I was against abortion I didn’t know the reason that these ladies where seeking one so out of respect for them I didn’t ask because it was appropriate. Scientific studies show that conception starts at day fourteen of conception. With that being said is it valid to say that abortion is pre-meditated murder? Or is it considered immoral only if it doesn’t endanger the mother’s life. As I asked Amanda these questions she stayed calm but I knew she was furious at the thought that second guessed her considering the circumstances behind it. Amanda finally replied â€Å" Listen these are innocent lives and I don’t care what reason you have a abortion It’s wrong and it’s damn murder† This interview took place December 2000, when I left I gave Amanda my cell and email address so that she could keep in touch and keep me posted on how successful her mission was coming along. Surprisingly two years later to my amazement Amanda had emailed me citing a urgent meeting and needing to speak with me about the mission, she even offered to make the three hour drive to meet up with me and assured me that what she had to say would be life changing. Of course I agreed but I was dumbfounded, I was thinking maybe she acquired my help on the mission, so we agreed to meet the following day at a local Star Bucks cafà ©. I sat patiently drinking my freshly brewed coffee when Amanda pulled up in her freshly was Honda Accord looking nothing less than fabulous. I greeted her with a hug and a smile, but something wasn’t right, her demeanor for some odd reason was different and I was anxious to hear the news she had for me. I ordered her a cup of coffee and we began to catch up where we left off in Florida. Before I could ask about the mission Amanda told me that she was no longer against abortion. I stood up in astonishment as she told me to have a seat I was amazed at what she said next. She began to tell me it was a Thursday night and it was her turn to gather the signs and brochures for the next day‘s rally, she was excited that she had deterred two teens from abortion and was ready to go home and celebrate. As she walked back to her car, (by this time Amanda had started crying and I became real suspicious of what was to come). She had left the most vital part of her story out so she insisted that she start over, earlier that week she had made the acquaintance of a African American man that informed her that God had sent him to her to help out with the mission surprised as she was she advised him to be there at 7:00am to help set-up because the clinic opened up at 8:00 am. The man whom said his name was Charles was there bright and early talking teens out of abortions and doing a marvelous job of even helping adults making decisions. Amanda said she felt like this was what her mission was missing. To Amanda’s shock Charles never came back again until, a week later on the night in question. Amanda said while she was walking back to her car with a handful of signs a familiar face dragged her by her hair into the bushes and proceeded to rape her It Was Charles! Amanda said she cried to God and whoever could hear her for help but as dark as it was no one could hear her. After Charles was done raping Amanda he ran off into the night. Amanda noticed that Charles didn’t have protection on and that she had, semen leaking from her vagina. After contacting police Amanda laid there praying that she wouldn’t get pregnant and that her new husband of four months wouldn’t find out. Unfortunately Amanda said her prayer went unanswered and weeks later she found out that she was pregnant, she insisted that her only option to saving her marriage was to take a trip to Columbus, GA and have an abortion. Amanda insisted that the decision was based mainly to save her marriage and to keep her family from disowning her for having an interracial baby. Amanda says that while having an abortion was the hardest thing that she has ever done, it literally saved her life. She admits that without the abortion that she would have committed suicide than to live the existence of what was growing inside of her. In conclusion Amanda states that although she still feels abortions are wrong, women should have the option of making the decision themselves privately rather deal with rallies like that of Amanda took part in publically. On the way out the door Amanda said something to me that I will never forget â€Å" The best prayers are unanswered ones† Amanda hoped that her story would change my mind on how I felt about abortions and realize that you cant make a generalization about another individuals decisions until you have experienced it firsthand yourself. The Roe vs. Wade case is known to date as the most legendary abortion case in the world cases like this made it possible for individuals in situations like Amanda’s and those with other circumstances to make decisions for themselves without the governments say so . According to Alters (2010) â€Å"Thirty Year’s later congress has passed the Partial birth abortion ban act of 2003, president bush signed it into law, becoming the first president to ever place a federal ban on abortion (p.133 para 2). Although the Roe vs. Wade case wasn’t established until two years after Jane Doe had her baby, it was the landmark case known to day in all high school and college text books and around the country. The more that Americans understand this case the more they regard it as illegitimate. While people have realized the act of abortion on certain grounds should be legal. In some cases you will find individuals that feel like Amanda felt and feel as though abortion is wrong on all grounds. According to Morgentaler (2001) â€Å"Abortion is an act that corrupts national morality and harms women by encouraging irresponsible and predatory male behavior. More importantly a woman’s right to an abortion ignores the rights of the unborn child- and individual should be legally protected (p 321). While both the prolife and pro choice side has equal substantial debates from listening to Amanda’s situation I am now for abortion although I feel that granted the circumstances unless rape, or endangerment to the mother there are enough contraceptives and knowledge circulating that you should know how to refrain from getting pregnant.

Long Distance Relationship And How To Make It Work Essay -- essays res

Long Distance Relationship and How To Make It Work Dear Love Lady,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have a love problem and I don't know what to do. I am a freshman in college and so is my boyfriend. We have been together since our senior year in high school, and we are very much in love. But, since we've been at college, we have developed a problem. We don't see each other from month to month. You see, we go to colleges in completely different states. We have always lived on the same street, but now we are so far apart. I don't even know if it will work, or better yet how to make it work. Any advice? Sad and In Love, Atlanta, GA Dear Sad and In Love,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, it sounds as if you have a great thing if you can just stick with it. As a matter of fact, I have been in a situation just like yours. My boyfriend and I had just the same problem back when we were in college, and we made it work. We are now happily married with two beautiful children. So, I think I can give you a few pointers on how to keep your love going. You are going to have to have three important things to make it work though. Those things are trust, communication and patience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First and the most important, you and your boyfriend need to have trust in each other. In every relationship there has to be trust, but for some reason, in long-distance relationships, it seems like there has to be just a little something more. Since you two are so far apart, yo...

Child Care Center †An analysis of how incentives work on the human mind Essay

Understanding the concept of incentives, positive and negative, and how they impact the behavior of people is a core aspect of economics. In fact, economists love to tinker with incentives and identify different measures that can motivate and de-motivate a person from doing an action or from abstaining from it. The power of incentive is such that economists believe that with the right incentive, any person can be compelled to do any task. Incentives can cause tremendous action, inaction or opposition, merely based on the quantity and quality of the incentive. Every incentive has three flavors to it: economic, social and moral. The case of the childcare centers of Israel will help one understand the impact of incentives, and how a wrongly conceptualized incentive can severely affect the very purpose of the incentive. A study of childcare centers in Israel provided statistics that the parents who came later to collect their children were on an average eight per center, per week. This was an alarming statistic for the centers and they had to spend extra money on holding back staff and paying them for overtime services. A few economists decided to try a negative incentive by imposing a nominal $3 fine on parents coming late by more than ten minutes, in twenty childcare centers in Israel†¦ The management and the economists believed that this would deter parents from coming late to collect their child. To their utter dismay, within a couple of weeks of the penalty, the number of parents who came late shot up to 20 per week, per center, displaying an astounding increase of 150%. One major factor that one can identify that led to such a drastic increase is the low penalty. The penalty for the whole month totaled to sixty dollars, which was about 16% of the total monthly service fee per child. From the parent’s perspective, for an addition al 16% of monthly fee, he could come at his own convenience and collect the child. Since, such a penalty was being levied by the childcare center; it became an additional responsibility for the center to provide the best amenities for the child until the parent turned up. It further alleviated the moral conflict within the parent, when he turned up late, as now he could come late and be relieved of the moral binding to come on time, with the penalty. A similar parallel can be drawn to students who were asked to pay a nominal fee for low attendance. Colleges perceived that by introducing a low penalty for every day of attendance below the stipulated percentage, students would be more regular. To their utter dismay, with the introduction of the penalty, the percentage of students who fell below the required the minimum attendance increased significantly, as they were aware that by paying a nominal penalty they could get away with a few more holidays in the year to enjoy. On the contrary, in the absence of the penalty the parents had at least a moral obligation to come on time and collect their children. In case a much severe punishment was imposed like a hundred dollars a day, the number of erring parents would significantly reduce. However, that would increase the animosity between the parents and the childcare center management, which could even lead parents to transferring their children to a far less punishing center. If the childcare centers of the entire region imposed a high penalty for late parents, there is a strong possibility that one of the parents might themselves open a childcare center and compete with the existing one. However, the economists and the management of the childcare centers missed an important perspective. What if instead of punishing the late parents, they provided an incentive for parents who consistently came on time? The incentive can be in two kinds, for the parents and for the children. A nominal monetary incentive for the parents might simply fail, as again they might want to sacrifice a few dollars a day to enjoy their game of tennis or strive more at work. Hence, if a cash incentive is to be provided, it has to be substantial and there must be an element of scarcity; i. e. the top ten consistent parents being awarded. This would create a competitive spirit in the minds of the parents. It has also to be kept in mind that such an incentive would affect the finances of the childcare centers, and would also be useless if the children coming to the center are from the elite class of society. The most effective measure to reduce late parents could be achieved by involving the children in the incentive process. By motivating the children to push their parents to come on time and win the best parent award, the childcare center might get its desired benefits, as children are highly competitive and would influence their parents to come on time to pick them up. The childcare center should focus on the children of parents who turn up regularly late to the center, yet create an impression of equality in the minds of the other children too. Hence, it can be understood from the above discussion that an incentive can have several consequences on its desired participants. An incentive scheme is very successful when the people participate willingly in the process, and reaches less than desired outcome when the participants are forced into the process. A fine example of a forced incentive process is one when a company introduces a new scheme, which has to be promoted by its sales executives, though everyone knows the promotion and the product are unsalable. An incentive to be successful has to be organic, achievable, realistic and participative. References Donald Edward Campbell (2006), Incentives: motivation and the economics of information, Cambridge University Press Jean-Jacques Laffont, David Martimort (2002), The theory of incentives: the principal-agent model, Princeton University Press Sullivan Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003), Economics: Principles in action. Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 31.